Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and sleep characteristics in offspring of bipolar parents (OBP) and offspring of control parents (OCP).
| OBP (N=25) | OCP (N=21) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic & Clinical | Mean (SD) or N (%) | Mean (SD) or N (%) | Statistic | p |
| Age (years) | 14.20 (2.25) | 13.95 (2.24) | t44= 0.38 | 0.703 |
| Sex (% female) | 11 (44.0%) | 11 (52.4%) | X2 = 0.32 | 0.571 |
| IQ (WASI) | 100.40 (15.63) | 101.62 (11.84) | t44=−0.29 | 0.771 |
| Pubertal Status (% Late/Post) | 15 (60.0%) | 14 (66.7%) | X2 = 0.22 | 0.641 |
| SES (Hollingshead) | 2.68 (1.37) | 3.43 (1.57) | t44=−1.73 | 0.092 |
| EHI Handedness (right) | 22 (88.0%) | 19 (90.5%) | X2 = 2.22 | 0.329 |
| MFQ-P Score | 7.08 (9.51) | 4.10 (3.52) | t44= −0.77 | 0.449 |
| SCARED-P Score | 10.00 (6.30) | 12.35 (12.48) | t43= 1.42 | 0.165 |
| PGBI-10M Score | 2.40 (3.15) | 0.81 (1.40) | t44= 2.27 | 0.029 |
| CALS-P Score | 9.76 (11.11) | 3.90 (4.59) | t43= 2.39 | 0.022 |
| Any Axis 1 Disorder | 9 (36.0%) | 10 (47.6%) | X2= 0.64 | 0.425 |
| Depressive Disorders | 4 (16.0%) | 3 (14.3%) | -- | 1.000 |
| Anxiety Disorders | 3 (12.0%) | 5 (23.8%) | -- | 0.439 |
| ADHD | 4 (16.0%) | 3 (14.3%) | -- | 1.000 |
| Disruptive Behavior | ||||
| Disorder | 1 (4.0%) | 2 (9.5%) | -- | 0.585 |
| Eating Disorder | 2 (8.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | -- | 0.493 |
| >1 Axis 1 Disorders | 4 (16.0%) | 5 (23.8%) | -- | 0.711 |
| Psychotropic Medication | 2 (8.0%) | 3 (14.3%) | -- | 0.648 |
| Stimulant | 1 (4.0%) | 2 (9.5%) | -- | 0.585 |
| Antidepressant | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (4.8%) | -- | 0.457 |
| Antipsychotic | 1 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | -- | 1.000 |
| Past-Week Sleep (m-PSQI) | ||||
| Sleep Duration (hours) | 8.00 (1.97) | 7.58 (1.86) | t44= 0.73 | 0.469 |
| Bedtime | 23:00 (2:52) | 23:07 (1:40) | t44=−0.15 | 0.878 |
| Risetime | 7:56 (2:22) | 7:35 (1:49) | t44= 0.59 | 0.557 |
| Sleep Onset Latency (minute) | 19.24 (24.64) | 23.19 (21.55) | t44=−0.57 | 0.569 |
| Sleep Efficiency (%) | 92.05 (12.21) | 90.86 (10.01) | t43= −0.35 | 0.726 |
| m-PSQI Sleep Quality Score | 3.64 (2.92) | 4.95 (4.21) | t43=1.23 | 0.226 |
Note. SD = Standard Deviation; -- = Fisher's Exact Test; t(df); WASI = Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence; SES = socioeconomic status; EHI = Edinburgh Handedness Inventory; MFQ-P = Mood and Feelings Questionnaire–Parent Version; SCARED-P = Self-report for Childhood Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders–Parent Version; PGBI-10M = Parent General Behavior Inventory 10-item Mania Scale; CALS-P = Child Affective Lability Scale–Parent Version; ADHD = Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; m-PSQI = Past-Week Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.