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The role of erythropoietin in regulating the retinal vasculature. Binding of EPO/EPOR induces JAK2 phosphorylation, dimerization, and subsequently, phosphorylation of Akt. Akt activates and translocates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) into the nucleus, upregulates nitric oxide production for regulation of leukocyte adhesion, cellular proliferation, vascular tone, and platelet aggregation in endothelial cells. These processes can lead to preservation of ischemic vasculature.
