Table 1. Effects of tetrandrine treatment alone on cancer cells.
| Cancer types | Name of cell line (concentration) | Therapeutic effects | Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral cancer | SAS (25 μM), HSC-3 (20 μM) | Autophagy, Apoptosis | BeclineI/LC3-I/II, PARP, Caspases | [35, 36] |
| Prostate cancer | PC3 (15 μM), DU145(15 μM) | Apoptosis, Autophagy, Metastasis, Invasion, Proliferation | Caspases, ROS/JNK1/2, PI3K-Akt | [37, 38, 126] |
| *Lung carcinoma | A549 (30 μM) | Apoptosis, Proliferation, Autophagy | P21, Akt, ERK, ROS | [43, 44, 69] |
| Gastric Cancer | BGC-823 (8 μg/ml) | Apoptosis | Mitochondria/ Caspases | [47] |
| *Breast cancer | 4T1(1 μM), SUM-149(1 μM), SUM-159(2 μM), MCF-7(12 μM), MDA-MB-231(12 μM) | Metastasis, Angiogenesis, Mammosphere, Proliferation, Autophagy | p-ERK, NF-κB, Metastatic and angiogenic related proteins, ROS | [29, 61, 69, 125, 128] |
| Renal cell carcinoma | 786-O(15 μM), 769-P(15 μM) ACHN (15 μM) | Apoptosis, Cell cycle arrest | Caspases, p21 and p27 | [27] |
| * Hepatic carcinoma | HepG2(5 μM), Hep3B(10 μM), PLC/PRF/5(10 μM), Huh-7(20 μM) | Apoptosis, Autophagy, Cell cycle arrest, | Mitochondria/ Caspases, ROS | [24–26, 45, 46, 70] |
| Colon cancer | CT-26(10 μM), LoVo(15 μM), HT29(15 μM), HCT116(5 μM) | Apoptosis, Invasion, Metastasis, Cell cycle arrest | p38 MAPK, IGFBP-5, Wnt/β-catenin, E2F1, p53/p21, PI3K/AKT/GSK3β | [23, 39–42, 59] |
| Bladder cancer | 5637(20 μM), T24(20 μM) | Apoptosis | Mitochondria/ Caspases | [48] |
| *Glioma | RT-2, U87(20 μM) | Apoptosis, Autophagy Angiogenesis, Proliferation, Metastasis, Invasion | Caspases, eIF-2α, VEGF, ADAM17/ EGFR-PI3K/AKT, ROS | [49, 58, 60, 69] |
| Hemangioendothelioma | EOMA(50 μM) | Apoptosis, Proliferation | ROS/Akt | [28] |
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | CNE (30 μM) | Apoptosis | [105] | |
| *Cervical carcinoma | HeLa(5 μM) | Autophagy | ROS | [69] |
| * Acute melocytic leukemia | NB4 (2 μM) | Autophagy, Differentiation, Proliferation | ROS/Notch1 | [71] |
*
Studies involving our laboratory