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. 2016 Mar 31;7(26):40846–40859. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8519

Figure 2. Interacting proteins with CDK11 in transcription and RNA processing.

Figure 2

The currently identified CDK11 interacting proteins in the transcription and RNA processing are illustrated in this figure. Among which, the protein kinases CHK2 and CK2 activate CDK11 by phosphorylating the serine 737 and serine 227 sites of the CDK11 kinase, respectively. Cyclin L acts as a crucial protein partner of the CDK11p110 isoform, while cyclin D3 is essential for functioning for the CDK11p58 isoform. RNPSI, 9G8, ELL2, TFIIF, TFIIS, FACT, 14-3-3, and Hsp90 interact with and are subsequently phosphorylated by CDK11. On the other hand, RBM15B/OTT3 interacts with CDK11 as a competitor and antagonizes the positive effect of CDK11 in RNA spicing. Sufu can be negatively regulated by CDK11 and relieve its inhibition on Gli, thus activating the Hedgehog signaling pathway. CHK2, checkpoint kinase 2; CK2, casein kinase 2; RNPS1, RNA-binding protein with serine-rich domain; ELL2, RNA polymerase elongation factor 2; TFIIF, transcription factor IIF; TFIIS, transcription factor IIS; FACT, facilitates chromatin transcription; RBM15B/OTT3, RNA binding motif protein 15 B; Hsp90, heat shock protein 90; Sufu, Suppressor of fused.