Table 3. Characteristics of CDK11 interactiving partners.

Interacting Partner	Subcellular Localization	Cellular Functions	Cancer Association	References
CHK2	nucleus	responses to genotoxic stress	mutation or low expression in breast, prostate, ovarian, colon, kidney, thyriod, bladder, lung cancer as well as sarcomas and leukemias	67
CK2	nucleus	promotes cell proliferation and growth, suppresses cell apoptosis	overexpression or hyperactivation in lung, breast, prostate, gastric, kidney cancer as well as AML, CLL and lymphomas	81; 90
cyclin L1	nucleus	regulates transcription and RNA splicing	overexpressed in human head and neck cancer, and is associated with lymph node metastases, also amplify in uterine cervical carcinoma and associates with poor prognosis	59; 61; 88
cyclin L2	nucleus	functions as a regulator of the pre-mRNA splicing process, modulates the expression of apoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins	overexpression of cyclin L2 inhibits cancer cell growth, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and enhances chemosensitivity	59; 61; 89
cyclin D3	nucleus and cytoplasm	forms a complex with CDK4 or CDK6, phosphorylates and inhibits RB protein and regulates the cell cycle G1/S transition	overexpressed and associated with a worse prognosis in patients with malignant melanoma, breast cancer, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma	78
RNPS1	nucleus	regulates RNA splicing, promotes mRNA nuclear export and translation, as well as maintenance of postsplicing surveillance	overexpressed in mouse submandibular gland adenocarcinoma	60; 65
9G8	nucleus and cytoplasm	regulates RNA splicing, promotes nucleocytoplasmic export of mRNA and translate	not confirmed	60
ELL2	nucleus	promotes transcription initiation and elongation, directs immunoglobulin secretion, inhibits cell growth and survival, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis	increased expression in leukemia, mutation associated with multiple myeloma and salivary gland carcinoma	45
TFIIF	nucleus and cytoplasm	promotes transcription elongation by interacting with RNAPII throughout the elongation phase	unknown	45
TFIIS	nucleus and cytoplasm	promotes transcription elongation by enhancing the intrinsic endonucleolytic cleavage activity of RNAPII	unknown	45
FACT	nucleus	modulates nucleosome stability and chromatin remodeling, promotes DNA replication, recombination, and repair, as well as transcript elongation	overexpressed in breast carcinoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and prostatic, pancreatic, and colorectal adenocarcinomas	45
RBM15B/OTT3	nucleus and cytoplasm	inhibits spliceosomal E complex formation, regulates RNA splicing and mRNA export	unknown	68
14-3-3	nucleus	regulates cell cycle, protein trafficking, and steroidogenesis, promotes cell proliferation, inhibits cell apoptosis	overexpressed in breast, lung, liver, head and neck cancers, as well as glioma and astrocytoma	94
Hsp90	cytoplasm and cell membrane	maintains normal tissue homeostasis	overexpression and/or hyperactivation in almost all human cancers	93
Sufu	nucleus and cytoplasm	promotes embryonic development	deletion, mutation or underexpression in lung, breast, prostate cancer, as well as in medulloblastoma	91; 92