Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2016 Nov 30;12(11):e1006439. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006439

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2016 Heanue et al

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig 3 — (A) Spatiotemporal maps (STMs) generated to quantify 400 second recordings of gut motility in live 7dpf zebrafish larvae. WT (ret^+/+) larvae exhibit cyclical retrograde (anal to oral) motility patterns in the intestinal bulb (brackets), and anterograde (oral to anal) peristaltic waves in the intestine starting at the intestinal bulb/intestine junction (white arrows); black arrows denote motility end points. STMs of ret^hu2846/+ larvae with ENS phenotypes and ret^hu2846/2846 larvae show alterations in cyclical retrograde motility patterns (brackets) and frequency and distance of anterograde motility waves (white to black arrows). (B) Anterograde contraction characterization. Phenotypic (ret^hu2846/+P) and non-phenotypic (ret^hu2846/+NP) larvae identified immunohistochemically. Reduced peristaltic frequency in ret^hu2846/2846 larvae and ret^hu2846/+ P relative to WT (one-way ANOVA, p = 0.0004; Bonferroni’s post-hoc, p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0367), and also reduced in ret^hu2846/2846 larvae as compared to ret^hu2846/+ NP (p = 0.0002) and ret^hu2846/+ P (p = 0.0035). Reduced contraction travel distance in ret^hu2846/2846 larvae relative to WT (one-way ANOVA, p = 0.0005; Bonferroni’s post-hoc, p = 0.0002), and relative to both ret^hu2846/+ P (p = 0.0232) and ret^hu2846/+ NP (p = 0.0237). Reduced contraction velocity in ret^hu2846/2846 relative to WT (one-way ANOVA, p = 0.0212; Bonferroni’s post-hoc, p = 0.0138). Increased contractions interval in ret^hu2846/2846 larvae relative to WT and ret^hu2846/+ NP (one-way ANOVA, p = 0.0078; Bonferroni’s post-hoc, p = 0.0053 and p = 0.0097). (C) Loss of anterograde contractions in ret^{hu2846/hu2846} larvae compared to WT and ret^hu2846/+ NP (#, Fisher’s exact, p = 0.0198 and p = 0.028). ret^hu2846/2846 larvae show retrograde motility changes relative to all other genotypes, with contractions losing cyclic patterns (Fisher’s exact, vs. WT: p = 0.0001, vs. ret^hu2846/+ NP: p = 0.001, and vs. ret^hu2846/+ P: p = 0.0082). (D) Equivalent analysis in the SAGFF234A;UAS:GFP background, expressing GFP in ENS cells and their processes, enables mapping of contraction endpoints relative to cell body position (GFP⁺HuC/D⁺ cells, r_s = 0.8857, p = 0.0333) and cell process (GFP⁺HuC/D⁺ process, r_s = 0.942, p = 0.0167). Black lines indicate linear fits.