Skip to main content
. 2016 Nov 30;12(11):e1006449. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006449

Fig 5. Functional validation of putative metformin induced promoters and enhancers.

Fig 5

(A) Luciferase results for sequences that showed significant promoter activity when tested in Huh-7 liver cells treated with 2.5 mM metformin for 8 hours or vehicle control. An empty vector, pGL4.11b, was used as a negative control and the pGL4.13, which contains a strong SV40 promoter and enhancer, was used as positive control. (B) Luciferase results for sequences that were tested for enhancer activity in Huh-7 liver cells treated with 2.5 mM metformin for 8 hours or vehicle control. An empty vector pGL4.23 was used as a negative control and the ApoE liver enhancer [33] was used as positive control. (C) Gene expression levels in Huh-7 cells treated with vehicle control or 2.5 mM metformin for 8 hours as determined by qPCR. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 (unpaired t-test).