Table 3. The Net Benefits of Increased Aspirin Use Would Be Substantial ($2015 thousands).

	Difference with Baseline
	Guideline Adherence*		Universal Eligibility**
	Mean	95% CI	Mean	95% CI
Value of expected quality-adjusted life-years gained	14.2	[4.71 to 25.13]	19.9	[7.46 to 34.23]
Expected health-care and medication costs
Health care excluding gastrointestinal bleeds	5.5	[0.36 to 11.64]	6.6	[0.47 to 12.3]
Gastrointestinal bleeds	0.1	[0.02 to 0.13]	0.1	[0.03 to 0.2]
Aspirin medication	0.1	[0.06 to 0.06]	0.1	[0.1 to 0.1]
Total	5.7	[0.51 to 11.77]	6.8	[0.69 to 12.54]
Net value per capita	8.5	[3.06 to 16.64]	13.0	[5.74 to 22.65]
Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio	64.2	[13.98 to 112.93]	55.3	[13.76 to 91.05]

*: Individuals follow 2009 USPSTF guidelines for primary prevention of heart diseases and stroke until age 79 and use aspirin for secondary prevention at all ages

**: All individuals over age 50 are assigned to use aspirin daily. All amounts are in present value at age 51, computed with a 3% discount rate. Quality-adjusted life-years adjust length of life for quality based on a person’s chronic conditions and functional status. 95% confidence intervals with regard to the uncertainty of the effectiveness of aspirin are presented in brackets.