Table I.

— The sequence of training protocols and certification process.

1. Theoretical knowledge (books, Journals, Internet enduring materials, conferences, courses, regularly scheduled series and other live sessions)

2. Grand ward rounds

3. Hands on training (dry lab psychomotor skills)

Certification of psychomotor skills

4. Hands on training (simulators, wet lab, animal models, animals, fresh cadavers)

5. Operating Room training, under supervision for easy cases

Diploma in MIS as Bachelor

6. Operating Room training, under supervision for difficult cases

7. Independent activity in MIS

Diploma as expert/master