Fig. 2.

Plasma catalytic iron levels and adverse outcomes following cardiac surgery. A: plasma catalytic iron levels are significantly higher at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) compared with preoperative (Preop) levels. †P < 0.001 and †††P < 0.05 for within-group comparison to preoperative levels. Furthermore, catalytic iron levels at the end of CPB and on postoperative day 1 (POD#1) are higher in patients who develop in-hospital death or need for renal replacement therapy (death/RRT). *P < 0.01 for between-group comparisons. Bars represent median (25th–75th interquartile range). B: patients with catalytic iron levels in the highest compared with lowest quartile on POD#1 have a greater risk of death/RRT, AKI, and in-hospital mortality after adjusting for age and preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate. *P < 0.05. [Adapted from Leaf et al. (32) with permission.]