Fig. 5.

A: response of IC neurons to MNS before (solid line) vs. after (broken line: LCV VNS) preemptive left-sided (contralateral) bioelectric therapy. IC neurons were subclassified as convergent, afferent, or efferent LCNs, as defined in Fig. 1. Convergent LCNs were the predominant population activated by MNS and the primary target for preemptive LCV therapy. B: impact of contralateral VNS therapy on the atrial arrhythmogenic potential to MNS. Whereas LCV VNS mitigated the AF potential for 40% of MNS sites tested, in contradistinction to RCV VNS it enhanced that potential in 1/3 of MNS sites tested. *P < 0.05 from baseline.