Fig. 2.
IL-1β-activated primary HLFs produce both proinflammatory and proresolving eicosanoids in a COX-2-dependent manner. Primary HLFs were treated with IL-1β (0.1 ng/ml) + celecoxib (10 μM) or vehicle (0.1% DMSO) for 72 h, and conditioned media were subjected to targeted lipidomics analysis using quantitative LC-MS (see materials and methods). Activated HLFs produced the pleiotropic PG PGE2 in greatest abundance; proinflammatory eicosanoids, PGF2α, 15-keto-PGF2α, and TXB2, as well as proresolving PGA2, PGJ2, Δ12-PGJ2, and PGD2 metabolites, were also detected. Values are means ± SD of 3 independent biological replicates per condition. nd, Not detected. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 vs. vehicle alone; ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001, ####P < 0.0001 vs. IL-1β + vehicle (by unpaired t-test).