Fig. 5.

PPARγ ligand production by IL-1β-activated HLFs is enhanced by arachidonic acid (AA) supplementation. Primary HLFs were treated for 72 h with 0.1 ng/ml IL-1β + vehicle (0.1% ethanol) or 0–10 μM AA; thereafter, supernatants were harvested and tested for PPARγ ligand content using a PPRE-luciferase reporter. AA dose-dependently enhanced IL-1β-induced PPARγ ligand production by HLFs. AA alone did not induce reporter activity (data not shown). Values are means ± SD of 3 independent biological replicates per condition. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 (by unpaired t-test).