Table 3.
Mechanisms of action and possible therapeutic roles of different microRNAs involved in IBS
| Micro RNA | Target | Population studied | Results | Suggested mechanism | Potential clinical applicability | Citation (ref. #) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miRNA-24 | Serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) | 10 IBS patients and 10 healthy patients; IBS mouse model | miRNA-24 upregulated in IBS patients and intestinal mucosa of mice | miRNA-24 inhibits SERT expression and aggravates IBS | miRNA-24 inhibitor | Liao et al. (36) |
| miRNA-29 | NFKB- repressing factor(NKRF) and claudin-1 genes | 183 IBS and 36 HC | Increased levels of miRNA-29 and reduced levels of NKRF and claudin-1 in patients with IBS-D | miRNA-29 targets and reduces claudins and NKRF, which increases intestinal permeability | miRNA-29 inhibitors for IBS with increased permeability | Zhou et al. (60) |
| Mir 29 knock-out mice | Decreased intestinal hyperpermeability in Mir-29 knockout mice | |||||
| Glutamine synthetase gene GLUL | 19 IBS-D and 10 HC | Increased miRNA-29a in IBS-D patients with increased intestinal permeability (42% of IBS-D patients) | miRNA-29a increases membrane permeability by decreasing GLUL gene expression and glutamine level | miRNA-29 inhibitor and glutamine for IBS with increased intestinal permeability | Zhou et al. (61) | |
| miRNA-150 and miRNA-342-3p | Multiple targets including telomerase-related proteins dyskerin, and prosurvival protein kinase AKT2 | 5 IBS-D, 5 IBS-C, 2 IBS-M, and 31 HC | Increased level of miRNA-150 and miRNA-342-3p in IBS | Inflammatory, pain, and motility pathways | Possible role as biomarkers | Fourie et al. (25) |
| miRNA-199 | Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) signaling | 45 IBS-D and 40 HC | Decreased colonic miRNA-199 correlates with visceral pain in patients with IBS-D | miRNA-199a decreases visceral pain via inhibition of TRPV1 signaling | miRNA-199 precursors for pain in IBS | Zhou et al. (63) |
| Visceral hypersensitivity rat models | Reduced miRNA-199a in rat DRG and colon tissue associated with visceral hypersensitivity | |||||
| miRNA-510 | 5-HT3 receptor type 3 subunit gene HTR3E | 98 IBS-D, 99 IBS-C and 100 HC (UK); 119 IBS-D and 195 HC (Germany) | HTR3E variant c. *76G>A, associated with female IBS-D | Variant of HTR3E reduces binding and inhibitory effect of miRNA-510, thus increasing expression of 5-HT3E protein in IBS-D | Unclear clinical impact of miRNA-510 in IBS | Kapeller et al., (31) |
HC, healthy controls; NFKB, Nuclear factor-κB; NKRF, NFKB- repressing factor; DRG, Dorsal root ganglia.