Fig. 10.

Graph of the effects of lidocaine perfusion of the esophagus on percent occurrence and threshold stimulus for activation of the EPSR and EUCR. Lidocaine administration significantly blocked the percent occurrence and threshold stimulus for cervical (Cerv), proximal thoracic (PThor), or average of all areas of the esophagus (Total) activation of the EPSR but not EUCR. Values are means ± SD, and the test used for EPSR was the Wilcoxon signed rank test and for EUCR was the Student's paired t-test. DThor, distal thoracic esophagus.