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. 2016 Dec 1;10:553. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00553

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Copyright © 2016 Mayorova, Tian, Cai, Semmens, Odekunle, Zandawala, Badi, Rowe, Egertová and Elphick.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Localization of L-type SALMFamide (S1) precursor transcripts in larvae of the starfish Asterias rubens using whole-mount in situ hybridization. (A–E) bipinnaria larva; (F,G) brachiolaria larva; the schematic drawings illustrate the distribution of stained cells (see Figure 1 for labeling). (A) dorsal view showing paired groups of 2–3 stained cells on the left (solid arrow) and right (dashed arrow) sides of the anterior projection. (B) detail of the anterior projection (boxed region in A) showing stained cells on the left and right sides (solid and dashed arrows, respectively). (C) left lateral view showing three stained cells at the base of the anterior projection (solid arrow). (D) detail of the anterior projection (boxed region in C) showing stained cells at the base of the anterior projection (solid arrows). (E) dorsal view of the anterior projection showing absence of staining in a larva incubated with sense probes. (F) left lateral view showing expression in solitary cells of the brachia (black and white arrowheads) and around the adhesive disk (white arrow), and in a group of tightly packed cells in the dorsal region of the larva (black solid arrow). (G) detail of the attachment complex, showing stained cells present in both the tip (black arrowheads) and the stem (white arrowheads) of a lateral brachium. In addition to a group of cells under the adhesive disk (white arrow), there are also scattered solitary stained cells (small black arrowheads) that appear to be located along the ciliary bands of the preoral lobe and a group of stained cells in the dorsal region of the larva (black solid arrows). Inset shows the attachment complex of a brachiolaria larva incubated with sense probe control. abr, anterior brachium; ad, adhesive disk; ap, anterior projection; ar, adult rudiment; ba, bipinnaria arms; e, esophagus; g, gut; lbr, lateral brachium; pol, postoral lobe; prl, preoral lobe; s, stomach; st, stem of brachium; t, tip of brachium. Scale bars: 200 μm (A,C,F, inset of G), 50 μm (B,D,E,G).