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. 2016 Dec 1;7:1789. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01789

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Copyright © 2016 Begum, Shi, Tan, Zhou, Hannun, Obeid, Mao and Zhu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Chromogenic assay of callose in leaves of the transgenic Arabidopsis plant and WT. Leaves of 4 weeks old were stained for 4 h in darkness with aniline blue solution and deposition of callose in leaves was observed under fluorescence microscope of ultraviolet excitation. (A) Control (WT) (B) Transgenic Plant (C) Expression analysis of plant callose-related genes in transgenic (OE) and WT plants. Two callose synthase-encoding genes, GSL1 and GSL5 were analyzed. The AtActin8 gene was used as reference control. The data are the means ± SE from three independent experiments. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between the transgenic and control plants (ANOVA followed by Tukey's tests, P < 0.05). Callose deposition were shown by arrows.