Table 2.

Associations (odds ratio and 95 % confidence interval) of severe injuries and surgeries with symptoms of CMDs among European professional footballers (N = 540)

		Distress	Anxiety/depression	Sleeping disturbance	Adverse alcohol behaviour	Smoking	Adverse nutrition behaviour
Severe injuries	0	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	1	1.36 (0.56–3.29)	0.73 (0.40–1.32)	1.68 (0.84–3.38)	1.28 (0.44–3.75)	1.05 (0.28–4.04)	1.09 (0.63–1.90)
	2	1.84 (0.77–4.38)	1.29 (0.72–2.29)	1.99 (0.98–4.01)	3.40 (1.29–8.92)	0.69 (0.15–3.16)	1.13 (0.64–1.99)
	≥3	2.69 (1.23–5.87)	1.12 (0.65–1.91)	2.32 (1.22–4.42)	1.44 (0.54–3.89)	0.44 (0.10–2.01)	1.03 (0.62–1.72)
Severe joint injuries	0	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	1	2.95 (1.37–6.37)	1.15 (0.70–1.87)	1.73 (0.98–3.07)	3.37 (1.39–8.15)	0.96 (0.27–3.38)	0.49 (0.31–0.79)
	2	3.78 (1.69–8.42)	1.30 (0.75–2.26)	3.41 (1.89–6.17)	2.97 (1.14–7.75)	0.87 (0.20–3.73)	0.70 (0.41–1.19)
	≥3	3.50 (1.51–8.12)	1.18 (0.65–2.14)	1.31 (0.65–2.64)	1.62 (0.52–5.00)	0.73 (0.14–3.83)	0.77 (0.43–1.36)
Severe muscle injuries	0	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	1	1.34 (0.73–2.46)	0.82 (0.52–1.29)	1.29 (0.79–2.11)	1.82 (0.93–3.58)	2.20 (0.72–6.70)	0.68 (0.44–1.04)
	2	0.70 (0.23–2.15)	1.36 (0.69–2.66)	0.90 (0.40–2.02)	0.78 (0.22–2.81)	0.85 (0.10–7.43)	1.44 (0.71–2.89)
	≥3	2.55 (1.32–4.92)	0.56 (0.30–1.04)	1.53 (0.85–2.76)	0.88 (0.33–2.34)	–	1.22 (0.71–2.11)
Surgeries	0	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	1	1.20 (0.66–2.19)	1.05 (0.65–1.70)	1.22 (0.73–2.04)	1.82 (0.88–3.75)	2.19 (0.72–6.67)	0.85 (0.54–1.35)
	2	0.83 (0.36–1.89)	0.85 (0.46–1.59)	1.51 (0.81–2.81)	1.46 (0.58–3.70)	0.57 (0.07–4.78)	0.62 (0.35–1.10)
	≥3	1.01 (0.48–2.12)	0.99 (0.56–1.75)	1.07 (0.57–2.00)	1.51 (0.62–3.67)	0.51 (0.06–4.29)	0.42 (0.25–0.73)

N number of participants

Bold values indicate significant P values (P ≤ 0.01)