Figure 8.

Potential future application of the MAMAD therapy. (A) The proof-of-principle demonstration of the MAMAD technique for the potential treatment of advanced gout using l-alanine as model tophi, synthetic skin on 2-D surfaces and three-dimensional (3-D) printed bones (in vitro). The size of the l-alanine crystals was reduced using the MAMAD technique with AuNPs. Synthetic skin samples were kept at 37 °C. (B) Potential future application of the MAMAD technique for the treatment of gout at various stages of the diseases by medical professionals.