Table 3.

Measurement models

Construct	Item	Loadings	Composite reliability	AVE
Transformational leadership (TL)	TL_1	0.68	0.892	0.508
	TL_2	0.65
	TL_3	0.77
	TL_4	0.74
	TL_5	0.70
	TL_6	0.70
	TL_7	0.74
	TL_8	0.72
Empowerment (Emp)	Emp_1	0.64	0.876	0.542
	Emp_2	0.67
	Emp_3	0.76
	Emp_4	0.77
	Emp_5	0.78
Recognition	JS3	0.92	0.907	0.904
	JS4	0.90
Pay	JS1	0.95	0.949	0.83
	JS2	0.95
Job satisfaction (JS)a	JS_Reg	0.83	0.804	0.508
	JS_Pay	0.71

^aHigher-order construct