Table 4.
Characteristics associated with smoking status in men and women: Multinomial logistic regression models. Data presented as odds ratio (95 % confidence limits); never smokers were the reference category
| Men | Women | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past smoking | Current smoking | Past smoking | Current smoking | |
| Age group, yrs: | ||||
| 20-24 | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) |
| 25-34 | 2.15 (1.30- 3.54) | 1.36 (0.99-1.87) | 2.35 (1.27-4.37) | 1.55 (1.06-2.27) |
| 35-44 | 2.19 (1.27, 3.78) | 1.13 (0.78-1.63) | 2.58 (1.34-4.96) | 1.42 (0.92-2.18) |
| 45-54 | 4.32 (2.48-7.54) | 1.61 (1.08-2.40) | 2.16 (1.09-4.26) | 1.53 (0.98-2.39) |
| 55-64 | 6.74 (3.82-11.88) | 1.23 (0.80-1.92) | 2.33 (1.16-4.69) | 1.14 (0.69-1.86) |
| 65-74 | 7.44 (4.03-13.74) | 0.82 (0.48-1.41) | 3.16 (1.51-6.61) | 0.70 (0.38-1.30) |
| 75+ | 7.20 (3.75-13.84) | 0.33 (0.17-0.65) | 2.00 (0.88-4.55) | 0.18 (0.08-0.42) |
| Population sub-group: | ||||
| Born in Israel | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) |
| Immigrants before 1990 | 1.04 (0.79-1.37) | 1.23 (0.92-1.65) | 0.99 (0.72-1.37) | 0.94 (0.68-1.30) |
| Immigrants between 1990 and 1995 | 1.18 (0.85-1.64) | 1.37 (1.01-1.87) | 0.55 (0.37-0.81) | 0.71 (0.51-0.97) |
| Immigrants after 1995 | 1.66 (1.08-2.57) | 1.23 (0.80, 1.88) | 0.45 (0.26-0.78) | 0.66 (0.43-1.01) |
| Arabs | 0.74 (0.54-1.00) | 1.53 (1.22, 1.93) | 0.21 (0.12-0.36) | 0.33 (0.24-0.47) |
| Years of education: | ||||
| 0-8 | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) |
| 9-12 | 0.81 (0.54-1.22) | 0.69 (0.47-1.01) | 1.43 (0.80-2.53) | 1.17 (0.71-1.91) |
| 13+ | 0.68 (0.46-1.01) | 0.34 (0.23-0.50) | 1.28 (0.73-2.24) | 0.63 (0.38-1.03) |
| Religiosity: | ||||
| Secular | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) |
| Traditional | 0.86 (0.68-1.09) | 1.02 (0.83-1.25) | 0.67 (0.51-0.89) | 0.90 (0.72-1.14) |
| Observant | 0.72 (0.56-0.91) | 0.60 (0.49-0.75) | 0.37 (0.27-0.52) | 0.39 (0.30-0.52) |
| Very religious | 0.91 (0.61-1.35) | 0.36 (0.23, 0.55) | 0.24 (0.13-0.45) | 0.06 (0.03-0.16) |
| Marital status: | ||||
| Married | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) |
| Unmarried | 1.01 (0.72-1.40) | 1.22 (0.94-1.58) | 1.00 (0.67-1.48) | 2.45 (1.83-3.28) |
| Divorced | 1.34 (0.85-2.01) | 2.71 (1.79-4.11) | 1.36 (0.93-2.00) | 2.16 (1.56-2.99) |
| Widowed | 0.83 (0.46-1.50) | 1.62 (0.79-3.33) | 1.11 (0.71-1.73) | 1.85 (1.16-2.96) |
| Employment status: | ||||
| Employed | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | n.s. | n.s. |
| Unemployed | 1.19 (0.70-2.03) | 1.75 (1.17-2.60) | ||
| Not included in the labor force | 0.82 (0.62-1.08) | 0.77 (0.59-1.00) | ||
| Possession of assets: | ||||
| Neither car nor house | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) |
| Car only | 1.53 (1.02-2.29) | 1.07 (0.77-1.47) | 1.40 (0.89-2.19) | 1.21 (0.83-1.76) |
| House only | 1.04 (0.73-1.48) | 0.66 (0.49-0.89) | 0.57 (0.38-0.85) | 0.56 (0.40-0.79) |
| A car and a house | 1.10 (0.80-1.53) | 0.59 (0.45-0.77) | 0.65 (0.45-0.96) | 0.69 (0.50-0.95) |
| A house and two cars or more | 1.02 (0.67-1.55) | 0.67 (0.47-0.94) | 0.79 (0.49-1.28) | 0.94 (0.63-1.40) |
| Two houses or more | 1.24 (0.82-1.87) | 0.75 (0.51-1.09) | 0.89 (0.55-1.45) | 0.61 (0.38-0.99) |
| Being successful in meeting living expenses: | ||||
| Unsuccessful | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) |
| Not very successful | 0.82 (0.55-1.22) | 0.82 (0.58-1.15) | 0.81 (0.50-1.30) | 0.68 (0.47-0.97) |
| Successful | 0.76 (0.52-1.11) | 0.56 (0.40, 0.78) | 0.66 (0.41-1.05) | 0.42 (0.2- 0.61) |
| Highly successful | 0.59 (0.39-0.90) | 0.37 (0.25, 0.53) | 0.56 (0.32-0.96) | 0.68 (0.24-0.59) |
| Self-reported health status: | ||||
| Not good at all | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) |
| Not so good | 1.02 (0.63-1.64) | 1.00 (0.60-1.68) | 0.91 (0.52-1.57) | 0.83 (0.48-1.45) |
| Good | 0.65 (0.39-1.07) | 0.84 (0.49-1.43) | 1.11 (0.65-1.90) | 1.23 (0.73-2.10) |
| Very good | 1.26 (0.77-2.08) | 1.16 (0.67-1.99) | 0.77 (0.44-1.38) | 0.82 (0.47-1.44) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2): | ||||
| Normal (<25.0) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) |
| Overweight (≥25.0 and <30.0) | 1.11 (0.90-1.37) | 0.97 (0.80-1.17) | 1.34 (1.03-1.74) | 0.98 (0.77-1.25) |
| Obese (≥30.0) | 1.34 (1.02-1.75) | 0.70 (0.53-0.92) | 0.99 (0.70-1.38) | 0.75 (0.55-1.01) |
| Self-reported leisure physical activity:* | ||||
| None | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) |
| Less than recommended | 1.05 (0.79-1.38) | 0.62 (0.47-0.81) | 0.93 (0.67-1.30) | 0.64 (0.47-0.88) |
| Meeting WHO recommendations | 0.62 (0.47-0.81) | 1.02 (0.80-1.30) | 1.08 (0.80-1.45) | 0.67 (0.51-0.88) |
| Meeting recommendations for additional health benefit | 0.92 (0.71-1.19) | 0.64 (0.51-0.81) | 1.21 (0.86-1.71) | 0.86 (0.63-1.17) |
| Mean gross income per-capita per month: | n.s. | n.s. | ||
| <2,000 NIS | 1.00 (reference category) | 1.00 (reference category) | ||
| 2,000-4,000 NIS | 1.21 (0.85-1.74) | 1.43 (1.07-1.92) | ||
| >4,000 NIS | 1.58 (1.09-2.29) | 1.40 (1.08-1.93) | ||
| No information | 1.62 (1.06-2.48) | 1.17 (0.81-1.68) | ||
n.s. : Non significant association
*According to the Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. WHO publication. 2010. ISBN: 9789241599979