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. 2016 Dec 1;6:38110. doi: 10.1038/srep38110

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Average odour representation in time (n = 5 bees per group; ACP: acetophenone, shown in blue, BZA: benzaldehyde, in cyan, 1-HEX: 1-hexanol, in yellow, and 1-OCT: 1-octanol, in red) during 25 stimulus repetitions (repetitions are marked by numbers along the trajectories) in control (a) and treated (b) bees. Imidacloprid was administered on average between trials 4.6 and 6.6 to the treatment group (b), while, in the same window, the control group (a) was administered with Ringer’s solution from a second vial. Odour responses are shown in principal components (PCs) in order to reduce the coding space dimensionality. PCs and axes are identical for (a,b), allowing comparison of odour code separation.