Table 1. L4 rotation (°) (SD) relative to L3 created in intact cadaveric specimens at peak loads during the application of SMT and passive movements.
| Motion | Rotation (°) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| X (flx ext) | Y (lat bending) | Z (axial rot) | |
| SMT | 3.06 (1.00)*,# | −0.65 (0.52)^,# | −1.71 (1.20)^,# |
| Axial Rotation | 1.40 (0.74) | −0.44 (0.74) | −1.24 (0.58) |
| Extension | 3.17 (0.78) | −0.07 (0.45) | −0.20 (0.27) |
| Flexion | −0.58 (0.39) | 0.32 (0.16) | −0.19 (0.12) |
SD = standard deviation; SMT = spinal manipulative therapy.
*Significant difference (p < 0.05) in comparison with axial rotation.
^Significant difference (p < 0.05) in comparison with extension.
#Significant difference (p < 0.05) in comparison with flexion.