Table 1.
Description of all qualifying PEM articles, then stratified by type of publishing journal
| All Qualifying Journal Articles (N = 464) |
% of total |
Pediatric Journals (N = 175) |
% | EM Journals (N = 158) |
% |
GM Journals (N = 25) |
% | PEM Journals (N = 106) |
% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study Design | |||||||||||
| Randomized Controlled Trial |
218 | 47.0 | 80 | 45.7 | 64 | 40.5 | 19 | 76.0 | 55 | 51.9 | |
| Prospective Non-Interventional | 139 | 30.0 | 46 | 26.3 | 63 | 39.9 | 1 | 4.0 | 29 | 27.4 | |
| Retrospective | 66 | 14.2 | 25 | 14.3 | 19 | 12.0 | 3 | 12.0 | 19 | 17.9 | |
| Study Specific Methods1 | 41 | 8.8 | 24 | 13.7 | 12 | 7.6 | 2 | 8.0 | 3 | 2.8 | |
| Results | |||||||||||
| Positive | 138 | 29.7 | 43 | 24.6 | 62 | 39.2 | 11 | 44.0 | 22 | 20.8 | |
| Negative/Equivocal | 326 | 70.3 | 132 | 75.4 | 96 | 60.8 | 14 | 56.0 | 84 | 79.2 | |
| Age/type of subjects | |||||||||||
| Pediatric only | 313 | 67.5 | 144 | 82.3 | 75 | 47.5 | 12 | 48.0 | 82 | 77.4 | |
| Pediatric and Adult | 117 | 25.2 | 15 | 8.6 | 77 | 48.7 | 13 | 52.0 | 12 | 11.3 | |
| Providers2 | 34 | 7.3 | 16 | 9.1 | 6 | 3.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 12 | 11.3 | |
1
Examples of study specific methods include: “secondary analysis of ED utilization data,” “multicenter focus group study,” “3-group randomized assignment trial,” “multicenter cross-sectional trial.”
2
Includes physicians, fellows, residents, physicians’ assistants, nurse practitioners, nurses, emergency department medical staff