Table 1.
Sample characteristics [range]
| ASD (n=225) | Other diagnoses (n=163) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 175 (77.78) | 111 (68.1) | ||
| Female, n (%) | 50 (22.22) | 52 (31.9) | ||
| Age in years, m (SD) | 7.04 (3.06) | [2–13] | 7.57 (2.87) | [2–13] |
| Maternal educationa: ≥ Some college, n (%) | 179 (87.32) | 129 (86) | ||
| White racea, n (%) | 168 (74.67) | 96 (59.26) | ||
| Language level (ADOS module) | ||||
| Nonverbal or Single words, n (%) | 69 (30.67) | 14 (8.59) | ||
| Phrase-speech, n (%) | 37 (16.44) | 33 (20.25) | ||
| Complex sentences, n (%) | 119 (52.89) | 116 (71.17) | ||
| Verbal IQ, m (SD) | 75.72 (31.39) | [10–139] | 91.66 (22.02) | [14–157] |
| Nonverbal IQ, m (SD) | 82.25 (27.45) | [12–141] | 93.09 (20.21) | [19–150] |
| CBCL Internalizing T, m (SD) | 62.5 (10.6) | [33–87] | 59.06 (12.03) | [29–84] |
| Clinical range, n (%) | 117 (52) | 68 (41.72) | ||
| CBCL Externalizing T, m (SD) | 60.78 (12.32) | [33–97] | 59.09 (12.38) | [28–85] |
| Clinical range, n (%) | 88 (39.11) | 54 (33.13) | ||
| EBP-ADOS total, m (SD) | 1.02 (1.02) | [0–4] | 0.99 (0.94) | [0–4] |
| Marked (≥2), n (%) | 55 (24.44) | 43 (26.38) | ||
| Medication usea, n (%) | 50 (23.92) | 50 (34.72) | ||
| Vineland adaptive composite, n (%) | 76.41 (14.48) | [38–117] | 86.14 (13.34) | [43–118] |
| SRS raw (age ≥4 years)b, m (SD) | 100.54 (29.9) | [24–161] | 69.2 (31.88) | [11–161] |
| SRS T (age ≥4 years)b, m (SD) | 77.52 (12.49) | [46–105] | 65.1 (12.96) | [41–101] |
| ADI-current, m (SD) | 27.77 (10.47) | [5–53] | 12.35 (8.93) | [0–41] |
| ADI-diagnostic, m (SD) | 36.9 (12.39) | [9–64] | 17.61 (11.53) | [1–57] |
| ADOS raw, m (SD) | 15.11 (5.41) | [1–26] | 4.52 (3.76) | [0–23] |
| ADOS CSS, m (SD) | 7.25 (2.02) | [1–10] | 2.56 (1.97) | [1–10] |
Note: ASD=autism spectrum disorder, CBCL=Child Behavior Checklist, SRS=Social Responsiveness Scale, ADI=Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, ADOS=Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, CSS=calibrated severity scores, standardized by age and language level. EBP-ADOS=clinician-observed emotional/behavioral problems,
a
Missing: maternal education n=33, race n=1, medication use n=35.
b
SRS: n=177 ASD, Other diagnoses n=142.