Figure 5:

MWA and RFA of normal liver upregulate distant tumor levels of HGF and VEGF. A, B, Bar graphs show HGF levels 3 days after liver ablation in, A, liver and, B, tumor. C, D, Bar graphs show VEGF levels 3 days after liver ablation in, C, liver, and, D, tumor. Similar increases in both liver and tumor HGF levels were seen after lower-power MWA and RFA. No changes were observed between the sham procedure and higher-power MWA energy. Minimal levels of VEGF were detected in the liver after treatment. However, intratumoral levels of VEGF were seen in all treatment arms, with significantly less pronounced effects for higher-power MWA.