Table 5.
English performance on tests of literacy skills for MB (score) at T2, compared with that of typically developing monolingual English children and children with Down Syndrome (DS: means, standard deviations), matched to MB on word reading accuracy
| Measure (max score) | MB | TDE (n = 15) | Point estimate1 (95% CI) | DS (n = 6) | Point estimate2 (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Syllable deletion (10) | 8 | 9.80 (0.41) | 0.04 (0.00–0.35)** | 8.00 (1.67) | 50.00 (21.18–78.82) |
| Phoneme deletion (10) | 3 | 7.47 (2.03) | 2.56 (0.08–10.78)† | 2.20 (2.17) | 62.33 (28.70–89.60) |
| Initial phoneme isolation (10) | 7 | 9.33 (1.23) | 4.40 (0.31–15.30)† | 8.83 (1.47) | 15.06 (1.04–45.27) |
| Final phoneme isolation (10) | 9 | 8.53 (1.85) | 59.54 (39.56–77.77) | 8.17 (1.72) | 66.31 (34.85–90.55) |
| Letter‐sound knowledge (32) | 28 | 30.07 (1.94) | 15.95 (4.50–33.89) | 27.17 (3.71) | 57.80 (27.48–84.72) |
| Single word reading (60) | 24 | 27.73 (4.40) | 21.28 (7.62–40.41) | 23.33 (6.28) | 53.74 (24.16–81.71) |
| Word reading (15) | 8 | 12.33 (2.85) | 8.17 (1.19–22.53) | 9.00 (3.58) | 40.31 (13.92–70.93) |
| Nonword reading (15) | 1 | 10.20 (3.75) | 1.62 (0.03–7.91)* | 2.83 (2.40) | 25.59 (4.87–57.43) |
| Nonword reading (20) | 7 | 12.00 (5.30) | 18.82 (6.12–37.49) | 2.17 (2.64) | 92.45 (67.17–99.92) |
| Prose reading errors (48) | 17 | 8.80 (5.98) | 89.72 (74.07–98.09) | 16.33 (12.52) | 51.88 (22.67–80.28) |
| Prose reading comprehension (24) | 10 | 17.07 (2.46) | 0.73 (0.00–4.49)* | 7.17 (2.32) | 84.50 (54.14–98.86) |
Notes. 1Percentage of the English typically developing population aged 7 years estimated to perform below MB's score.
2Percentage of the English DS population aged 8–10 years with age‐appropriate word reading estimated to perform below MB's score. CI = confidence interval.
† p < .10, * p < .05, ** p < .01.