TABLE 10.

Frequency of selecting the correct answer and distractors targeting the misconceptions that atoms can be created or destroyed (based on seven distractors in six items)

	Comparison				THSB
Answer choicea	Pretest	Posttest	χ2 (p value)	Effect size	Pretest	Posttest	χ2 (p value)	Effect size
Atoms are neither created nor destroyed.	52%	62%	23.21	0.10	41%	55%	86.25	0.14
			(<0.001)				(<0.001)
Atoms are created.	26%	16%	24.45	0.13	31%	21%	39.97	0.12
			(<0.001)				(<0.001)
Atoms are destroyed.	15%	9%	9.77	0.09	20%	8%	65.59	0.17
			(<0.01)				(<0.001)

^aThe correct answer choice is in italics.