TABLE 12.

Frequency of selecting the correct answer and distractors targeting the misconceptions that cell division alone can account for growth (based on six distractors in six items)

	Comparison				THSB
Answer choicea	Pretest	Posttest	χ2 (p value)	Effect size	Pretest	Posttest	χ2 (p value)	Effect size
Incorporation of atoms from food accounts for growth.	45%	54%	16.92	0.09	43%	68%	271.67	0.25
			(<0.001)				(<0.001)
Cell division accounts for growth.	34%	26%	16.02	0.09	28%	7%	349.38	0.28
			(<0.001)				(<0.001)

^aThe correct answer choice is in italics.