Table 1.
Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of NGT and T2D groups.
| Parameters | NGT | T2D | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 1,614 | 1,614 | |
| Age (years) | 54.69 ± 10.41 | 52.54 ± 9.79 | 0.06 |
| Male, n (%) | 910 (56.38) | 922 (57.12) | 0.63 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.56 ± 3.44 | 24.96 ± 3.61 | < 0.01 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 490 (30.36) | 477 (29.55) | 0.03 |
| Current drinker, n (%) | 450 (27.88) | 462 (28.62) | 0.01 |
| Family history of diabetes, n (%) | 114 (7.06) | 311 (19.27) | < 0.01 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 394 (24.41) | 565 (35.01) | < 0.01 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.27 ± 0.54 | 9.44 ± 3.13 | < 0.01 |
| OGTT2h (mmol/L) | 6.43 ± 0.92 | 17.08 ± 5.03 | < 0.01 |
| Hemoglobin A1c | 5.58 ± 0.44 | 8.60 ± 3.43 | < 0.01 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.16 (0.84–1.65) | 1.44 (1.05–2.08) | < 0.01 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.39 (3.57–5.14) | 4.61 (3.98–5.32) | < 0.01 |
| Fasting plasma insulin (μU/mL) | 7.62 (4.67–11.75) | 8.88 (5.83–13.36) | < 0.01 |
| HOMA-β | 80.12 (50.36–120.39) | 35.32 (17.69–61.04) | < 0.01 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.79 (1.11–2.79) | 3.63 (2.32–5.33) | < 0.01 |
| Manganese (μg/L) | 5.26 (3.67–8.33) | 4.37 (2.73–7.62) | < 0.01 |
| MnSOD SNP rs4880 | 0.38 | ||
| Allele C | 438 (13.57) | 468 (14.50) | |
| Allele T | 2,790 (86.43) | 1,184 (85.50) | |
| CC genotype | 30 (1.86) | 38 (2.35) | 0.50 |
| CT genotype | 378 (23.42) | 392 (24.29) | |
| TT genotype | 1,206 (74.72) | 1,184 (73.36) | |
| Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; HOMA-β, homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; IGR, impaired glucose regulation; MnSOD, manganese-dependent mitochondrial superoxide dismutase; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; OGTT2h, 2-hr post-glucose load; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; T2D, type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data are presented as number (percentage) for categorical data, mean (standard deviation) for parametrically distributed data or median (interquartile range) for nonparametrically distributed data. | |||