Table 4.
SNPs and 1st-trimester air pollutants that were jointly associated with LINE1 methylation %.a
| Gene ± 20 kb | RS Number | Chr | Location | Pollutant | βpollutant (95% CI) | βSNP (95% CI) | βint (95% CI) | FDR p-valueint | n | Chromatin state in embryonic stem cellsb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNMT1 | rs16999714 | 19 | 10177450 | NO2 | –3.02 (–4.79, –1.25) | –2.24 (–3.93, –0.55) | 1.59 (0.60, 2.58) | 0.04 | 388 | Enhancer/quiescent |
| DNMT1 | rs16999714 | 19 | 10177450 | O3 | –4.00 (–5.71, –2.28) | –1.58 (–2.74, –0.41) | 1.85 (0.87, 2.83) | 0.01 | 388 | Enhancer/quiescent |
| DNMT1 | rs16999714 | 19 | 10177450 | PM10 | –5.22 (–7.25, –3.18) | –3.10 (–4.67, –1.52) | 2.60 (1.48, 3.72) | 0.0002 | 388 | Enhancer/quiescent |
| DNMT1 | rs16999714 | 19 | 10177450 | PM2.5 | –4.13 (–6.29, –1.97) | –3.49 (–5.93, –1.04) | 2.10 (0.88, 3.32) | 0.02 | 298 | Enhancer/quiescent |
| DNMT3B | rs17123673 | 20 | 30873266 | PM2.5 | 8.35 (3.97, 12.74) | 8.72 (4.16, 13.27) | –4.66 (–6.93, –2.39) | 0.002 | 302 | Enhancer/weak transcription |
| DNMT3B | rs20654 | 20 | 30881957 | PM2.5 | 1.50 (0.15, 2.86) | 3.39 (1.44, 5.33) | –1.68 (–2.64, –0.71) | 0.02 | 298 | Weak/strong transcription |
| DNMT3B | rs6579038 | 20 | 30894431 | O3 | –7.48 (–11.44, –3.52) | –4.57 (–7.07, –2.08) | 3.42 (1.39, 5.45) | 0.03 | 390 | Strong transcription |
| DNMT3B | rs6579038 | 20 | 30894431 | PM10 | –7.80 (–11.87, –3.73) | –5.45 (–8.33, –2.57) | 3.70 (1.62, 5.78) | 0.01 | 390 | Strong transcription |
| DNMT3B | rs8121782 | 20 | 30893499 | PM10 | –7.66 (–11.80, –3.52) | –5.42 (–8.35, –2.49) | 3.61 (1.49, 5.73) | 0.02 | 392 | Weak/strong transcription |
| TDG | rs3794240 | 12 | 102853671 | PM10 | –3.90 (–5.73, –2.07) | –2.79 (–4.29, –1.28) | 1.97 (0.90, 3.04) | 0.01 | 385 | Strong transcription |
| TDG | rs4135036 | 12 | 102883184 | PM2.5 | –7.17 (–11.11, –3.23) | –8.37 (–12.54, –4.2) | 3.48 (1.43, 5.53) | 0.04 | 302 | Active TSS |
| TET2 | rs2726459 | 4 | 106404046 | PM2.5 | 1.35 (0.16, 2.54) | 3.74 (1.78, 5.70) | –1.89 (–2.89, –0.90) | 0.01 | 301 | No data |
| TET2 | rs4698932 | 4 | 106268596 | PM2.5 | 1.89 (0.60, 3.18) | 4.47 (2.43, 6.52) | –2.24 (–3.27, –1.21) | 0.001 | 265 | Quiescent |
| TET2 | rs7655049 | 4 | 106271913 | PM2.5 | 4.78 (2.39, 7.16) | 5.62 (3.01, 8.23) | –3.04 (–4.35, –1.73) | 0.0003 | 299 | Quiescent |
| TET2 | rs7678440 | 4 | 106398351 | PM2.5 | 1.42 (0.25, 2.58) | 3.97 (2.01, 5.93) | –2.03 (–3.03, –1.03) | 0.004 | 302 | No data |
| Chr, chromosome; RS, reference SNP; TSS, transcription start sites. aSNPs were modeled as ordinal variables (in which 0 = minor allele, 1 = heterozygote, and 2 = major allele), and models were adjusted for admixture, sex, plate, in utero tobacco smoke, and maternal education level. The 2 SD for the 1st-trimester pollutants PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3 are 14 μg/m3, 32 μg/m3, 21 ppb, and 44 ppb, respectively. bDerived from RegulomeDB (Boyle et al. 2012). | ||||||||||