Table 3.

Experimental range of motion data (degrees) for pure moment loading of the lumbar spine.

Load direction	T12–L1	L1–L2	L2–L3	L3–L4	L4–L5	L5–S1
Flexion	4.5 (1.99)	3.22 (1.69)	4.68 (2.45)	5.56 (1.15)	6.47 (1.23)	8.98 (2.39)
Extension	1.6 (1.33)	1.67 (0.97)	2.02 (0.83)	2.84 (2.72)	2.97 (1.76)	2.75 (2.32)
R axial rotation	1.19 (0.7)	0.77 (0.44)	0.67 (0.5)	0.78 (0.58)	1.37 (0.53)	1.72 (1.28)
L axial rotation	1.36 (0.23)	0.62 (0.19)	0.78 (0.51)	0.65 (0.73)	1.54 (1.54)	1.67 (1.58)
R lateral bending	4.01 (1.35)	4.95 (0.7)	4.46 (1.12)	6.12 (1.18)	6.08 (1.71)	4.14 (2.42)
L lateral bending	3.79 (0.73)	3.96 (0.75)	4.41 (0.97)	4.49 (0.93)	5.44 (2.25)	4.41 (1.21)

Data given as mean (SD).