Table 1.
Baseline and follow-up characteristics of 6755 study participants.
| Characteristic | Baseline | Last Follow-up Visit |
|---|---|---|
| Serum 25(OH)D, nmol/L | ||
| Mean (SD) | 88.3 (42.2) | 121.0 (46.2) |
| Median (IQR) | 81.6 (60.5–108.0) | 115.0 (88.60–147.0) |
| Serum C-reactive protein, mg/L | ||
| Mean (SD) | 1.7 (1.8) | 1.6 (1.8) |
| Median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.5–2.2) | 0.9 (0.4–2.1) |
| Elevated C-reactive protein, % | ||
| Low-risk (<1 mg/L) | 47.0 | 51.2 |
| Average risk (1–2.99 mg/L) | 35.6 | 32.6 |
| High risk (≥3 mg/L) | 17.4 | 16.2 |
| Gender (%) | ||
| Female | 52.0 | 52.0 |
| Male | 48.0 | 48.0 |
| Age | ||
| Mean (SD) | 50.9 (15.2) | 52.4 (15.0) |
| Body weight status, % | ||
| Under weight | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Normal weight | 34.2 | 34.3 |
| Over weight | 38.2 | 37.7 |
| Obesity | 26.6 | 27.0 |
| Blood pressure, % * | ||
| Normal (<140/90 mmHg) | 58.9 | 53.2 |
| Elevated (≥140/90 mmHg or anti-hypertensive medication use) | 36.2 | 33.6 |
| Missing | 4.9 | 13.2 |
| Serum LDL-cholesterol, % † | ||
| Normal (<2.6 mmol/L) | 34.3 | 30.0 |
| Elevated (≥2.6 mmol/L) | 61.7 | 67.3 |
| Missing | 4.0 | 2.7 |
| Smoking status, % | ||
| Never smoker | 41.5 | 30.2 |
| Ex-smoker | 21.6 | 15.6 |
| Current smoker | 8.7 | 6.6 |
| Missing | 28.2 | 47.6 |
| Alcohol consumption status, % | ||
| Non-drinker | 25.3 | 26.6 |
| Drinker | 42.1 | 41.6 |
| Missing | 32.6 | 31.8 |
| Physical activity level, % | ||
| Low | 28.3 | 28.3 |
| Moderate | 21.5 | 21.5 |
| High | 21.0 | 21.0 |
| Missing | 29.2 | 29.2 |
| Use of vitamin D-containing supplements, % | ||
| Yes | 47.4 | 74.2 |
| No | 35.7 | 9.6 |
| Missing | 16.9 | 16.2 |
| Vitamin D dose of the supplements, Median (IQR) IU/day | 3000 (2000–5000) | 6000 (4000–9000) |
Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; LDL-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; * Blood pressure status was defined based on blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg, or a self-report of taking antihypertensive medications as elevated; † Elevated LDL-cholesterol was defined as LDL-cholesterol concentration ≥2.6 mmol/L.