Table 1.

Main mechanisms through which Citrus flavonoids may act as anti-cancer drugs.

Mechanism by Which Citrus Flavonoids May Fight against Cancer

Antioxidant activity, thus counteract oxidative stress

Anti-inflammatory effect

Phase II enzyme induction, hence enhancing detoxification

Phase I enzyme inhibition, thus stopping activation of carcinogens

Inhibition of cell proliferation

Inhibition of oncogene and/or induction of tumor suppressor gene

Induction of cell-cycle arrest

Induction of apoptosis

Inhibition of signal transduction pathways

Anti-angiogenic effect

Inhibition of cell adhesion, migration and invasion