Table 2.
Dietary characteristics in three potentially critical time periods (explorative analysis sample, N = 372).
| Exposure | Time Period 1 (Age 2.5 Years–<4.5 Years) | Time Period 2 (Age 4.5 Years–<6.5 Years) | Time Period 3 (Age 6.5 Years–<8.5 Years) | p for Trend 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daily energy intake (MJ) | 4.7 (4.3; 5.3) | 5.7 (5.2; 6.3) | 6.6 (5.9; 7.3) | <0.001 |
| Daily energy intake (kcal) | 1132 (1023; 1254) | 1364 (1236; 1501) | 1564.8 (1409.3; 1735.9) | <0.001 |
| Fat (E% 1) | 37.0 (33.5; 39.7) | 36.2 (33.2; 39.1) | 35.3 (32.9; 38.2) | 0.002 |
| Carbohydrates (E% 1) | 50.2 (46.7; 54.2) | 51.0 (48.1; 54.4) | 52.0 (48.7; 54.7) | 0.001 |
| Protein (E% 1) | 12.8 (11.6; 13.9) | 12.6 (11.3; 13.6) | 12.6 (11.6; 13.8) | 0.055 |
| Energy intake before 11 a.m. (kcal) | 347.0 (295.5; 405.2) | 379.0 (309.4; 451.2) | 438.9 (369.7; 534.0) | <0.001 |
| Energy intake before 11 a.m. (E% 1) | 30.9 (26.7; 34.8) | 27.5 (23.7; 32.9) | 28.3 (24.3; 33.1) | <0.001 |
| Fat (E% 2) | 35.9 (30.9; 40.2) | 34.9 (29.9; 39.7) | 33.1 (28.9; 37.7) | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrates (E% 2) | 50.9 (46.3; 57.0) | 52.6 (47.6; 58.1) | 54.7 (49.6; 58.7) | <0.001 |
| Protein (E% 2) | 12.8 (11.2; 14.6) | 12.3 (10.8; 13.9) | 12.4 (10.9; 14.1) | 0.013 |
| Energy intake after 6 p.m. (kcal) | 259.6 (199.2; 315.3) | 334.5 (275.1; 403.5) | 417.0 (332.4; 490.2) | <0.001 |
| Energy intake after 6 p.m. (E% 1) | 22.6 (17.7; 26.9) | 24.6 (20.8; 29.0) | 26.2 (22.4; 30.2) | <0.001 |
| Fat (E% 2) | 40.8 (34.8; 46.5) | 39.2 (34.0; 45.0) | 37.4 (32.6; 41.8) | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrates (E% 2) | 43.7 (37.4; 51.3) | 46.4 (40.1; 52.8) | 48.4 (43.2; 54.0) | <0.001 |
| Protein (E% 2) | 14.2 (12.1; 16.1) | 14.0 (12.2; 15.8) | 14.0 (12.0; 15.7) | 0.361 |
Values are estimated from one or two 3-day dietary records, shown as median (25th; 75th percentile). 1 % of daily energy intake; 2 % of energy intake before 11 a.m./after 6 p.m.; 3 differences between time periods using Kruskal–Wallis test.