Table 4.
Odds ratios (95% CI) for glucose intolerance outcomes according to the quartiles of the dietary inflammatory Index (DII).
| Variables | Dietary Inflammatory Index | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | ptrend | ||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |||
| Glucose tolerance abnormality * (n = 1007) | ||||||||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.74, 1.19 | 1.11 | 0.87, 1.41 | 1.15 | 0.90, 1.47 | 0.14 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.74, 1.19 | 1.10 | 0.87, 1.40 | 1.15 | 0.90, 1.48 | 0.14 |
| Impaired fasting glucose † (n = 590) | ||||||||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.74, 1.25 | 1.11 | 0.85, 1.44 | 1.09 | 0.83, 1.44 | 0.36 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.74, 1.26 | 1.10 | 0.84, 1.43 | 1.09 | 0.83, 1.44 | 0.37 |
| Impaired glucose tolerance ‡ (n = 259) | ||||||||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.66, 1.39 | 0.99 | 0.68, 1.46 | 1.24 | 0.85, 1.81 | 0.25 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.66, 1.40 | 0.98 | 0.67, 1.45 | 1.24 | 0.84, 1.81 | 0.27 |
| Type 2 diabetes § (n = 286) | ||||||||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.67, 1.38 | 1.06 | 0.73, 1.54 | 0.99 | 0.66, 1.47 | 0.93 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.67, 1.38 | 1.05 | 0.72, 1.53 | 0.98 | 0.66, 1.47 | 0.94 |
| Insulin resistance || (n = 1923) | ||||||||
| Model 1 ¶ | 1.00 | 1.01 | 0.81, 1.26 | 0.97 | 0.77, 1.22 | 1.11 | 0.87, 1.40 | 0.47 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 1.05 | 0.83, 1.32 | 0.98 | 0.77, 1.25 | 1.18 | 0.91, 1.51 | 0.29 |
Model 1 adjusted for age (continuous), smoking status (smoker, nonsmoker), physical activity (low, medium, high, or missing), a family history of diabetes (yes, no), hypertension (yes, no), lipid lowering medications (yes, no). Model 2 adjusted for variables in model 1 plus BMI (<18.5, 18.5–24.99, 25.0–29.99, ≥30.0 kg/m2, or missing). * Including impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes; † Impaired fasting glucose was defined as fasting glucose 100–125 mg/dL; ‡ Impaired glucose tolerance was defined as 2-h postload glucose 140–199 mg/dL; § Diabetes Mellitus was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or 2-h glucose ≥200 mg/dL and/or use of anti-diabetic medication; || Insulin resistance was defined as HOMA-IR ≥ 1.86 in women and ≥1.34 in men; ¶ adjusted for glucose lowering medication.