Table 1.

Sociodemographic, psychosocial, and housing characteristics.

	No use (n=438)		Moderate use (1 or 2 days, n=225)		High use (>2days, n=92)
Characteristic	N	%	N	%	N	%	Test statistic	DF
Sociodemographic
Age (M ± SD)	45.7 ± 8.6		45.4 ± 8.7		44.6 ±9.4		F = .6	2,752
Male gender	345	79	160	71	67	73	χ2 = 5.2	2
Race							χ2 = 7.1	6
White	151	35	95	42	37	41
Black	222	51	103	46	41	46
Hispanic	37	9	11	5	8	9
Other races	24	6	15	6.7	4	4
Location							χ2 = 52.7 ***	20
Chattanooga	23	5	21	9	9	10
Chicago	41	9	19	8	4	4
Columbus	54	12	19	8	7	8
Denver	55	13	35	16	7	8
Ft. Lauderdale	37	8	13	6	3	3	b
Los Angeles	50	11	9	4	5	5
Martinez	31	7	15	7	8	9
NYC	39	9	9	4	4	4	b
Philadelphia	31	7	24	11	14	15
Portland	33	8	25	11	14	15
San Francisco	44	10	36	16	17	19
Never married	207	47	104	46	46	50
Employment/Financial
Employedd	83	19	34	15	6	7	χ2 = 8.9*b	2
Disability/Public support incomed (M ± SD)	311.0 ± 320		300.9 ± 305.6		417.4 ± 326.7		F = 4.9 **ab	2, 752
Legal
Convicted of felonye	189	43	87	39	46	50	χ2 = 3.6	2
Housing
Days homelessf (M ± SD)	56.2 ± 38.2		56.2 ± 35.8		53.5 ± 34.7		F = .2	2, 752
Number of places livedf (M ± SD)	1.9 ± 1.2		2.4 ± 1.7		2.6 ± 1.6		F = 15.0***ab	2,752

^*p<.05,

^**p<.01,

^***p<.001

^aDifference between no use and high use significant (P<.05)

^bDifference between no use and moderate use significant (P<.05)

^cDifference between moderate and high use significant (P<.05)

^dPast 30 days

^eLifetime

^fPast 90 days