Table 1.

The “fake ID effect” prior to propensity score matching (PSM)

	No Fake ID M (SD)	Fake ID M (SD)	Independent samples t
Cross-sectional sample (n=1,454)
Fake ID Ownership
Frequent binge drinking	.09 (.29)	.31 (.46)	9.81*
Alcohol-related problems	1.37 (.53)	1.68 (.63)	9.83*
Alcohol-related arrests	.05 (.22)	.20 (.40)	8.18*
Marijuana use	.57 (.50)	.79 (.41)	9.26*
Hard drug use	.03 (.18)	.15 (.36)	7.26*
Fake ID Use at a Bar
Frequent binge drinking	.10 (.30)	.31 (.46)	9.18*
Alcohol-related problems	1.37 (.54)	1.69 (.62)	9.75*
Alcohol-related arrests	.05 (.22)	.21 (.40)	8.05*
Marijuana use	.58 (.49)	.80 (.40)	9.30*
Hard drug use	.03 (.18)	.16 (.36)	7.48*
Fake ID Use at a grocery or convenience store
Frequent binge drinking	.11 (.32)	.35 (.48)	8.96*
Alcohol-related problems	1.40 (.54)	1.74 (.65)	9.08*
Alcohol-related arrests	.07 (.26)	.22 (.41)	6.59*
Marijuana use	.60 (.50)	.82 (.38)	9.26*
Hard drug use	.04 (.20)	.18 (.38)	6.66*
Longitudinal sample, Fake ID Ownership (n=3,720)
Second-year fall (Wave 3) outcomes
Frequent binge drinking	.05 (.21)	.17 (.37)	8.36*
Alcohol-related problems	.63 (.70)	1.28 (.81)	15.37*
Alcohol-related arrests	.04 (.19)	.13 (.34)	7.61*
Marijuana use	.32 (.47)	.60 (.49)	10.01*
Hard drug use	.05 (.22)	.10 (.30)	3.47*
Second-year spring (Wave 4) outcomes
Frequent binge drinking	.04 (.19)	.14 (.35)	7.52*
Alcohol-related problems	.62 (.66)	1.20 (.80)	14.38*
Alcohol-related arrests	.04 (.20)	.14 (.35)	6.85*
Marijuana use	.34 (.47)	.60 (.49)	9.57*
Hard drug use	.06 (.23)	.12 (.32)	4.03*

Note: For longitudinal sample, outcome comparisons are made as a function of first-year spring (Wave 2) fake ID possession, the peak time of risk for negative drinking-related outcomes (see Martinez, Sher & Wood, 2008).