Table 5. Summary statistics for split-plot ANOVAs Examining the trajectory of change across all four data collection time points on emotional self-regulation, substance use willingness, perceived stress, mood, and impulsivity.
| Scale(s) | Construct | Time | Condition | Gender | Time * Condition | Time * Gender | Condition * Gender | Time * Condition * Gender | |||||||
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| F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | F | P | ||
| KWSCS; CAMS-AC; CSMS-SC | Emotional self-control | 4.13 | 0.01* | 0.26 | 0.61 | 1.22 | 0.27 | 0.84 | 0.47 | 0.19 | 0.90 | 0.00 | 0.96 | 4.65 | 0.00** |
| ALS; WCI; CSMS-SR; CAMS-AR | Emotional dysregulation | 1.17 | 0.32 | 0.02 | 0.88 | 0.30 | 0.59 | 0.66 | 0.58 | 0.72 | 0.54 | 0.36 | 0.55 | 1.05 | 0.37 |
| SUW | Cigarettes | 6.66 | 0.00** | 0.02 | 0.88 | 0.22 | 0.64 | 1.48 | 0.22 | 0.68 | 0.56 | 1.86 | 0.18 | 2.32 | 0.07 |
| Beer | 18.10 | 0.00** | 0.22 | 0.64 | 2.45 | 0.12 | 1.26 | 0.29 | 0.16 | 0.93 | 2.42 | 0.12 | 1.34 | 0.26 | |
| Marijuana | 10.37 | 0.00** | 0.46 | 0.50 | 1.73 | 0.19 | 0.89 | 0.45 | 0.72 | 0.54 | 2.46 | 0.12 | 1.05 | 0.37 | |
| Drugs | 3.52 | 0.02* | 0.02 | 0.88 | 2.43 | 0.12 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 1.29 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 0.81 | 2.02 | 0.11 | |
| PSS | Perceived stress | 2.00 | 0.11 | 2.72 | 0.10 | 2.96 | 0.09 | 0.79 | 0.50 | 4.19 | 0.01* | 0.28 | 0.60 | 2.15 | 0.09 |
| BRUMS | Anger | 2.45 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.95 | 3.53 | 0.06 | 0.41 | 0.75 | 1.49 | 0.22 | 0.74 | 0.39 | 0.73 | 0.53 |
| Confusion | 1.59 | 0.19 | 0.34 | 0.56 | 8.49 | 0.00** | 0.64 | 0.59 | 0.41 | 0.75 | 2.91 | 0.09 | 1.85 | 0.14 | |
| Depression | 3.31 | 0.02* | 0.74 | 0.39 | 1.28 | 0.26 | 0.07 | 0.97 | 1.02 | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.53 | 0.69 | 0.56 | |
| Fatigue | 1.10 | 0.35 | 0.03 | 0.87 | 15.18 | 0.00** | 0.05 | 0.98 | 2.96 | 0.03* | 2.24 | 0.14 | 1.25 | 0.29 | |
| Tension | 6.16 | 0.00** | 0.79 | 0.38 | 7.13 | 0.01* | 0.29 | 0.83 | 2.70 | 0.05 | 1.38 | 0.24 | 0.78 | 0.51 | |
| Vigor | 2.66 | 0.05 | 0.29 | 0.59 | 0.47 | 0.50 | 0.87 | 0.45 | 0.33 | 0.80 | 0.01 | 0.92 | 1.07 | 0.36 | |
| UPPS-P | Negative urgency | 0.24 | 0.87 | 0.17 | 0.68 | 5.15 | 0.02* | 0.58 | 0.63 | 2.32 | 0.07 | 1.59 | 0.21 | 1.38 | 0.25 |
| Lack of premeditation | 0.60 | 0.62 | 1.56 | 0.21 | 0.04 | 0.83 | 1.04 | 0.37 | 1.15 | 0.33 | 0.30 | 0.58 | 3.84 | 0.01* | |
| Lack of perseverance | 0.73 | 0.54 | 0.03 | 0.86 | 0.37 | 0.54 | 1.20 | 0.31 | 1.28 | 0.28 | 0.07 | 0.79 | 2.37 | 0.07 | |
| Sensation seeking | 0.71 | 0.55 | 1.60 | 0.21 | 7.12 | 0.01* | 0.14 | 0.93 | 2.29 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 0.69 | 0.96 | 0.41 | |
| Positive urgency | 0.35 | 0.79 | 0.82 | 0.37 | 7.49 | 0.01* | 0.61 | 0.61 | 1.58 | 0.19 | 2.32 | 0.13 | 1.62 | 0.19 | |
| ZTPI | Future time perspective | 3.08 | 0.03* | 0.23 | 0.63 | 0.29 | 0.59 | 2.14 | 0.09 | 0.48 | 0.70 | 0.14 | 0.71 | 3.09 | 0.03* |
| Present time perspective | 0.57 | 0.63 | 1.33 | 0.25 | 1.42 | 0.24 | 3.83 | 0.01* | 2.89 | 0.04* | 0.31 | 0.58 | 5.16 | 0.00** | |
Split-plot analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted with condition (yoga; control) and gender (male; female) as the between-subjects factors, and time (baseline; end-program; follow-up #1; follow-up #2) as the within-subjects factor
KWSCS Kendall-Wilcox Self-Control Schedule, CAMS-AC Children's Anger Management Scale (Anger Control Subscale), CAMS-AR Children's Anger Management Scale (Anger Rumination Subscale), CSMS-SC Children's Sadness Management Scale (Sadness Control Subscale), CSMS-SR Children's Sadness Management Scale (Sadness Rumination Subscale), ALS Affective Lability Scale, WCI Wills Coping Inventory, SUW Substance Use Willingness Scale, PSS Perceived Stress Scale, BRUMS Brunei University Mood Scale, UPPS-P The Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, and Sensation Seeking Plus Impulsive Behavior Scale, ZTPI Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory
p < 0.05
p <0.01