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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Feb 15.
Published in final edited form as: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2017 Feb 15;42(4):240–246. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000001724

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Overall billing units for each type of physical therapy modality. Active modalities includes stair climbing, dynamic modalities to improve functional performance, and neuromuscular re-education. Passive modalities include massage, electrical stimulation, ultrasound, and manual traction.