Table 2.

Factors associated with damage accrual (n=162)

	Unadjusted OR for damage accrual (ΔSDI>0)		Adjusted* OR for damage accrual (ΔSDI>0)
	OR (95% CI)	p Value	OR (95% CI)	p Value
Gender
Female	1
Male	1.38 (0.57 to 3.35)	0.5
Age at recruitment (years)
<40	1
≥40 and ≤59	0.96 (0.47 to 1.95)	0.9
≥60	1.29 (0.51 to 3.22)	0.6
Ethnicity
Caucasian	1			1
Asian	0.44 (0.22 to 0.89)	0.02	0.22 (0.09 to 0.53)	<0.01
Other	0.81 (0.18 to 3.58)	0.8	0.73 (0.13 to 4.24)	0.73
Baseline SDI
SDI=0	1			1
SDI ≥1	3.12 (1.58 to 6.17)	<0.01	3.10 (1.40 to 6.86)	<0.01
Current smoker?
No	1
Yes	1.33 (0.56 to 3.18)	0.5
Time-adjusted mean SLEDAI (AMS)
AMS≤4	1			1
AMS>4	3.18 (1.63 to 6.22)	<0.01	1.88 (0.81 to 4.35)	0.14
Time-adjusted median PGA (TAM-PGA)
TAM-PGA≤1	1
TAM-PGA>1	2.35 (0.69 to 8.08)	0.17
Cumulative prednisolone (mg)
First quartile (0, 0)	1			1
Second quartile (168, 4568)	1.94 (0.63 to 5.98)	0.2	2.19 (0.65 to 7.43)	0.21
Third quartile (5054, 9205)	3.73 (1.28 to 10.9)	0.02	3.56 (1.07 to 11.8)	0.04
Fourth quartile (9310, 56635)	9.72 (3.31 to 28.5)	<0.01	13.46 (3.59 to 50.4)	<0.01

*ORs were adjusted for ethnicity, baseline SDI, AMS and cumulative prednisolone.

Δ, change; PGA, physician global assessment; SLEDAI, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index.