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. 2016 Nov 25;7:13599. doi: 10.1038/ncomms13599

Figure 1. Nucleolar oxidation is a general cellular stress response.

Figure 1

(a) Nuclear localization of redox indicator NLS-roGFP1 in HeLa cells, indicated with DIC image. (b) Nucleolar redox changes indicated by NLS-roGFP1 in HeLa cells exposed to H2O2 (500 μM, 30 min), hypoxia (1% O2, 1 h), ultraviolet irradiation (100 J m−2), heat shock (42 °C, 30 min), Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS; 6 h) or Act.D (8 nM, 1 h) with or without (±) 4 h of the antioxidant NAC (5 mM) pretreatment. Representative pseudocolourful images (upper, see Image processing and fluorescence signal quantifications for details) were shown and relative nucleolar ratio values were displayed (bottom). n=30 cells. Unpaired t-test, ***P<0.001 with respect to treated versus untreated or −NAC versus +NAC cells and P<0.001 with any of the NAC-treated cells versus control NAC-treated cells. (c,d) Nucleolar redox changes in HeLa cell exposed to Act.D (8 nM, c) or H2O2 (500 μM, d) ±NAC pretreatment, monitored by live-cell imaging. (e) Relative nucleolar ratio values changes per minute in d. Data were represented as mean±s.e.m. Scale bars, 5 μm (a,c,d) and 10 μm (b).