Table 1.
Lipid biomarker discovery in T2D and obesity.
| Reference | Volunteer | Sample | Increase | Decrease |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [48] | OIR vs. OIS | Serum | LacCer(22:0) SPM(18:1) SPM(24:1) | – |
| [39] | Obese vs. lean (m/f) | Plasma | dCer(d18:0/22:0) TAG(16:0/18:1/18:1) DAG(18:0/20:4) | PC(32:0) PC(34:2) PC(36:2) lyso-alkyl-PC(24:2) lysoPE(16:0) acyl-alkyl-PC |
| OIR vs. OIS (m/f) | Plasma | DAG(14:1/16:0) CE(22:4) lyso-alkyl-PC(35:4) | Hex2-Cer(d18:1/22:0) Hex2-Cer(d18:1/24:0) lysoPC(22:0) | |
| [47] | T2D vs. Ctr (m/f) | Plasma | CE(23:2) CE(23:3) CE(23:4) | PE(36:4) PE(36:5) PE(36:6) |
| [111] | T2D vs. NGT | Plasma | dCer, Cer, PE, PI, PG, CE, DAG, TAG | acyl-alkyl-PC |
| Prediabetes vs. NGT | Plasma | dCer, Cer, PE, PI, PG, CE, DAG, TAG, free cholesterol | acyl-alkyl-PC | |
| [112] | T2D prospective study, maximum 23.35 year follow-up (m/f) | Plasma | dCer(d18:0/18:0) lysoalkyl-PC(22:1) TAG(16:0/18:0/18:1) | – |
| [113] | T2D prospective study, 7 year follow-up (m/f) | Serum | PC(32:1) PC(36:1) PC(38:3) PC(40:5) | SPM(16:1) lysoPC(18:2) acyl-alkyl-PC (34:3; 40:6; 42:5; 44:4; 44:5) |
| [42] | T2D < 1 year diagnosis vs. Ctr (m/f) | Plasma | FFAs: (18:1w9, 18:4w3, 20:4w6, 22:4w6) ACC(C3) ACC(C4) ACC(18:2) | FFAs: (10:0; 13:0,; 14:1w5) SPM(16:1) SPM(OH)(14:1) PC(38:3) PC(44:3) PC(42:1) PC(42:2) lysoPC(28:1) |
| [114] | T2D prospective study, 12 year follow-up (m/f) | Plasma | TAG (low carbon & double bond number) | TAG (high carbon & double bond number) |
OIR, Obese insulin resistant; OIS, Obese insulin sensitive; LacCer, Lactosylceramide; SPM, Sphingomyelin; Cer, Ceramide; dCer, Dihydroceramide; PC, Phosphatidylcholine; PE, Phosphatidylethanolamine; CE, Cholesterolester; Hex2-Cer Dihexosylceramide; FFA, free fatty acid; AAC, Acylcarnitine; PI, Phosphatidylinositol; PG, Phosphatidylglycerol; NGT, Normal glucose tolerant, m, male; f, female; Ctr, control.