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. 2016 Nov 8;17(11):1856. doi: 10.3390/ijms17111856

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Regulation of ischemia-mediated physiological angiogenesis by the CXC-chemokine CXCL12. Increased HIF-1α in response to ischemia causes the release of CXCL12 and VEGF, leading to increased nitric oxide production and augmented endothelial migration and proliferation to promote angiogenesis. Furthermore, CXCL12 upregulates the recruitment and mobilization of EPCs to sites of ischemia. Increased nitric oxide from the induction of CXCL12 further mobilizes EPCs and increases the production of VEGF for neovessel formation.