Table 1.
Characteristics of septic patients according to genotype of IL-6 promoter polymorphism (-174 G/C).
| Demographic and Clinical Characteristics | GG (n = 123) | GC (n = 110) | CC (n = 30) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bloodstream infection—n (%) | 17 (13.8) | 22 (20.0) | 3 (10.0) | 0.28 |
| COPD—n (%) | 15 (12.2) | 14 (12.7) | 6 (20.0) | 0.52 |
| Diabetes mellitus—n (%) | 39 (31.7) | 34 (30.9) | 6 (20.0) | 0.44 |
| Empiric antimicrobial treatment—n (%) | – | – | – | 0.28 |
| Unknown whether adequate due to negative cultures | 63 (51.2) | 52 (47.3) | 17 (56.7) | – |
| Unknown whether adequate due to diagnosis by antigenuria | 5 (4.1) | 1 (0.9) | 1 (3.3) | – |
| Adequate | 45 (36.6) | 52 (47.3) | 11 (36.7) | – |
| Inadequate | 11 (8.9) | 4 (3.6) | 1 (3.3) | – |
| Female gender—n (%) | 43 (35.0) | 35 (31.8) | 12 (40.0) | 0.69 |
| Ischemic heart disease—n (%) | 16 (13.0) | 9 (8.2) | 4 (13.3) | 0.46 |
| Mechanical ventilation—n (%) | 104 (84.6) | 95 (86.3) | 24 (80.0) | 0.51 |
| Microorganism responsible—n (%) | – | – | – | – |
| Unknown | 63 (51.2) | 52 (47.3) | 17 (56.7) | 0.63 |
| Gram-positive | 28 (22.8) | 30 (27.3) | 7 (23.3) | 0.72 |
| Gram-negative | 32 (26.0) | 27 (24.5) | 8 (26.7) | 0.96 |
| Fungii | 6 (4.9) | 1 (0.9) | 0 | 0.11 |
| Anaerobe | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.9) | 0 | 0.88 |
| Mortality at 30 days—n (%) | 47 (38.2) | 36 (32.7) | 3 (10.0) | 0.01 |
| Septic shock—n (%) | 104 (84.6) | 95 (87.2) | 24 (80.0) | 0.60 |
| Site of infection—n (%) | – | – | – | 0.84 |
| Respiratory | 64 (52.0) | 67 (60.9) | 14 (46.7) | – |
| Abdominal | 39 (31.7) | 28 (25.5) | 10 (33.3) | – |
| Neurological | 4 (3.3) | 1 (0.9) | 0 | – |
| Urinary | 6 (4.9) | 5 (4.5) | 2 (6.7) | – |
| Skin | 5 (4.1) | 4 (3.6) | 2 (6.7) | – |
| Endocarditis | 5 (4.1) | 4 (3.6) | 2 (6.7) | – |
| Osteomyelitis | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 0 | – |
| Age—median years (p25–75) | 56 (43–68) | 61 (50–70) | 63 (51–78) | 0.32 |
| APACHE-II score—median (p25–75) | 20 (15–25) | 21 (16–25) | 20 (17–22) | 0.62 |
| aPTT (seconds)—median (p25–75) | 35 (29–44) | 33 (28–43) | 28 (27–43) | 0.09 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dl)—median (p25–75) | 0.90 (0.50–2.49) | 0.80 (0.41–1.50) | 0.80 (0.51–1.63) | 0.20 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl)—median (p25–75) | 1.30 (0.70–2.28) | 1.40 (0.90–2.45) | 1.60 (0.90–2.55) | 0.94 |
| Hospitalization before enrollment in the study (days)—median (p25–75) | 0 (0–5) | 0 (0–5) | 0 (0–3) | 0.20 |
| GCS—median (p25–75) | 15 (13–15) | 15 (8–15) | 14 (10–15) | 0.40 |
| Interleukin-6 levels (pg/mL)—median (p25-75) | 429 (74–1034) | 136 (41–852) | 21 (13–116) | <0.001 |
| INR—median (p25–75) | 1.42 (1.20–1.71) | 1.20 (1.06–1.50) | 1.36 (1.11–1.50) | 0.0033 |
| Lactic acid (mmol/L)—median (p25–75) | 2.15 (1.13–4.38) | 2.20 (1.25–4.45) | 2.00 (1.15–3.15) | 0.11 |
| Leukocytes (cells/mm3)—median × 103 (p25–75) | 14.1 (8.9–20.1) | 15.2 (7.9–22.0) | 16.2 (13.4–22.4) | 0.57 |
| Pa02/FI02 ratio—median (p25–75) | 194 (111–265) | 160 (102–221) | 250 (172–298) | 0.001 |
| Platelets (cells/mm3)—median × 103 (p25–75) | 165 (90–243) | 179 (101–270) | 210 (93–267) | 0.17 |
| SOFA score—median (p25−75) | 10 (7–13) | 10 (7–12) | 8 (6–11) | 0.02 |
COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; APACHE = Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; aPTT = Activated partial thromboplastin time; GCS = Glasgow coma scale; INR = International normalized ratio; PaO2/FIO2 = pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction inspired oxygen; SOFA = Sepsis-related organ failure assessment; p25–75 = percentile25–75.