Table 1.
Growth factors associated with osteoblast function.
| Growth Factor | Abbreviation | OMIM | Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 | FGF 2 | 134920 | Stimulates osteoblast proliferation and decreases differentiation markers such as alkaline phosphatase and type I collagen | [5] |
| Fibroblast Growth Factor 6 | FGF 6 | 134921 | Increases human primary osteoblasts proliferation and reduces their differentiation | [6] |
| Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 | FGF 8 | 600483 | Increases osteoblast proliferation and alkaline phosphatase production and bone formation at an early stage of osteoblastic differentiation | [7] |
| Fibroblast Growth Factor 18 | FGF 18 | 603726 | Stimulates osteoblast proliferation and inhibits their differentiation and matrix synthesis in a dose-dependent manner | [8] |
| Transforming Growth Factor β-1 | TGF β-1 | 190180 | Stimulates or inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells | [9,10] |
| Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 | IGF 1 | 147440 | Promotes osteoblast differentiation, proliferation and mineralization in vitro | [11] |
| Platelet-derived Growth Factor | PDGF | 190040 | Induces osteoblastic cell migration and proliferation | [12] |
| Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 | BMP 2 | 112261 | Induces osteoblast differentiation and stimulates the expression of mineralization-associated genes | [13] |
| Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 | BMP 4 | 112262 | Induces differentiation of osteoblast-like cells | [14] |
| Bone Morphogenetic Protein 6 | BMP 6 | 112266 | Stimulates osteoblast differentiation and mineralization | [15] |
| Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 | BMP 7 | 112267 | Induces mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into osteoblasts in vitro. | [16] |
| Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor | VEGF | 192240 | Enhances in vitro osteogenic proliferation and differentiation | [17] |
| Epidermal Growth Factor | EGF | 131530 | Up-regulates osteoblast proliferation and osteoblastic markers and inhibits bone nodule formation | [18] |
| Connective Tissue Growth Factor | CTGF | 121009 | Promotes the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts | [19] |
| Mechano-growth Factor | MGF | Not found | Stimulates osteoblast proliferation and inhibits their differentiation and mineralization | [20] |
| Activin A | Activin A | 147290 | Inhibits early differentiation of osteoblasts | [21] |
| Twist-related protein 1 | TWIST1 | 607556 | Inhibits osteoblast differentiation | [22] |
| Hepatocyte Growth Factor | HGF | 142409 | Stimulates osteoblasts proliferation and differentiation | [23,24] |
| Growth Differentiation Factor 5 | GDF-5 | 601146 | Stimulates early osteoblast differentiation and extracellular matrix production | [25] |
| Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein | COMP | 600310 | Promotes mesenchymal stem cells differentiation to chondrocytes and osteoblasts | [26] |
| Preadipocyte factor-1 | DLK1/Pref-1 | 176290 | Inhibits the formation of mature osteoblasts | [27] |
| Wnt-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 | WISP-1 | 603398 | Influences on bone cell differentiation and function by enhancing the effects of BMP-2 | [28] |
| Osteoclast Inhibitory Lectin | OCIL | Not found | Inhibits osteoblast differentiation and function in vitro | [29] |
| Endothelin 1 | EDN1/ET 1 | 131240 | Mediates osteoblastic bone metastases by stimulating osteoblast proliferation and new bone formation | [30] |
| Lactotransferrin/Lactoferrin | LTF | 150210 | Promotes primary osteoblast proliferation and differentiation via up-regulation of IGF-1 expression | [31] |
OMIM: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man [32].