Effects of three APDs on TH and p-TH expression levels in the PFC (TH: (A’,A”); p-TH: (B’,B”)), Hipp (TH: (C’,C”); p-TH: (D’,D”)) and VTA (TH: (E’,E”); p-TH: (F’,F”)) of female and male rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated chronically with Aripiprazole (1.0 mg/kg, t.i.d), Olanzapine (1.0 mg/kg, t.i.d), Risperidone (0.3 mg/kg, t.i.d) or control (vehicle). Data expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. control. The representative bands of Western Blot are shown. APD: Antipsychotic drug; Hipp: Hippocampus; p-TH: Phosphorylated-tyrosine hydroxylase; PFC: Prefrontal cortex; t.i.d.: Three times daily; TH: Tyrosine hydroxylase; VTA: Ventral Tegmental Area.