Table 1.

Models testing for interspecific associations between yolk concentrations of carotenoids and vitamin E, and between yolk concentrations of testosterone and A4 (androstenedione) (a), and models testing for interspecific associations between yolk concentrations of antioxidants (carotenoids and vitamin E) and androgens (testosterone and A4) (b). We used the MCMCglmm R package and included phylogeny as random factor. See the main text for details. pm, posterior mean; CI, credibility interval.

response variable	explanatory variables	pm	CI	pMCMC	n
(a)
carotenoid concentration	vitamin E	0.502	[0.282; 0.726]	<0.001	103
	clutch size	0.049	[−0.046; 0.145]	0.324
	egg mass	−0.001	[−0.002; 0.002]	0.918
testosterone	A4	0.268	[0.115; 0.420]	0.001	98
	clutch size	−0.028	[−0.092; 0.035]	0.394
	egg mass	0.000	[−0.001; 0.002]	0.640
(b)
carotenoid concentration	testosterone	0.125	[−0.192; 0.443]	0.436	75
	clutch size	0.086	[−0.017; 0.194]	0.103
	egg mass	−0.000	[−0.002; 0.002]	0.897
carotenoid concentration	A4	−0.040	[−0.295; 0.211]	0.758	75
	clutch size	0.087	[−0.020; 0.192]	0.111
	egg mass	−0.000	[−0.002; 0.002]	0.942
vitamin E	testosterone	0.264	[0.038; 0.490]	0.027	75
	clutch size	0.064	[−0.021; 0.149]	0.139
	egg mass	−0.000	[−0.001; 0.001]	0.473
vitamin E	A4	0.063	[−0.127; 0.255]	0.515	75
	clutch size	0.070	[−0.018; 0.158]	0.119
	egg mass	−0.000	[−0.001; 0.001]	0.619