Table 1.

Facilitators and Barriers of the BETTER 2 program described using the CFIR

CFIR domain	Key element	Barrier	Facilitator
Intervention characteristic	Complexity	Amount of material was perceived as overwhelming and time consuming	Strong evidence for intervention (previous RCT) Patients liked comprehensiveness (multifactorial approach as opposed to specific disease or organ)
	Cost	Perception of intervention being too costly	Perception of intervention being cost effective (investing in prevention offsets acute care costs)
Outer setting	Perception of fit	Lack of remuneration Lack of resources (particularly staff) Physicians’ perception that PP’s prevention visit is a duplication of services	Perception by other stakeholders (including managers) that CDPS is a “hot topic” Patients’ perception of visits as valuable, necessary and motivating
Characteristics of individuals	The PPs	Barrier did not emerge from data	Interest in prevention Ability to support and motivate patients
Inner setting	Local champion	Lack of local champion or losing a local champion (e.g., physician left community)	Facilitator did not emerge from data
	Working in a team versus working as a team	Not working as a team (e.g., team tensions, lack of relationship, competition, unclear roles)	Working as a team (e.g., trust; physicians appreciating PPs structuring CDPS)
Process	Planning and engaging	Not including collaborators enough in planning process	Starting collaborative conversations early
	Collaboration and teamwork	Lack of awareness/misconception of BETTER approach	Availability of team members, frequent and open conversations