Table 1.
Characteristics of German National Health Interview and Examination Survey participants 1997–1999 (GNHIES 98) and 2008–2011(DEGS1) included in this analysis by sex and age groups
| Men | Women | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 50–64 years | 65–79 years | 50–64 years | 65–79 years | |||||||||
| GNHIES 98 |
DEGS1 | p | GNHIES 98 |
DEGS1 | p | GNHIES 98 |
DEGS1 | p | GNHIES 98 |
DEGS1 | p | |
| n = 945 | n = 929 | n = 429 | n = 856 | n = 975 | n = 1076 | n = 535 | n = 871 | |||||
| %/mean | %/mean | %/mean | %/mean | %/mean | %/mean | %/mean | %/mean | |||||
| Age, years (mean ± SE) | 56.4 ± .14 | 56.4 ± .15 | .936 | 70.9 ± .17 | 71.0 ± .16 | .655 | 56.6 ± .14 | 56.4 ± .15 | .417 | 71.5 ± .17 | 71.3 ± .16 | .374 |
| Household size | ||||||||||||
| Living alone | 6.6 | 13.5 | <.001 | 12.5 | 9.6 | .180 | 14.6 | 15.7 | .531 | 41.6 | 32.2 | .004 |
| Living with others | 93.4 | 86.5 | 87.5 | 90.4 | 85.4 | 84.3 | 58.4 | 67.8 | ||||
| Educational level(CASMIN) | ||||||||||||
| Low | 60.4 | 44.9 | <.001 | 70.2 | 58.1 | .005 | 63.4 | 40.9 | <.001 | 82.1 | 69.2 | <.001 |
| Medium | 22.1 | 37.9 | 15.5 | 23.1 | 28.0 | 48.0 | 14.6 | 24.2 | ||||
| High | 17.5 | 17.2 | 14.3 | 18.9 | 8.5 | 11.1 | 3.3 | 6.6 | ||||
| Body mass index (BMI)kg/m2 (mean ± SE) | 28.2 ± .15 | 28.2 ± .18 | .773 | 27.8 ± .19 | 28.5 ± .19 | .011 | 28.1 ± .22 | 27.4 ± .24 | .275 | 28.6 ± .27 | 28.8 ± .21 | .622 |
| BMI <25a | 18.0 | 20.4 | .339 | 21.2 | 17.1 | .004 | 31.4 | 36.3 | .092 | 23.4 | 24.8 | .336 |
| BMI ≥ 25 to <30 | 54.3 | 50.6 | 58.2 | 51.5 | 39.5 | 35.0 | 42.4 | 38.1 | ||||
| BMI ≥ 30 | 27.7 | 28.9 | 20.6 | 31.5 | 29.2 | 28.7 | 34.2 | 37.2 | ||||
| Smoking status | ||||||||||||
| Current | 28.7 | 28.0 | .003 | 17.6 | 10.1 | <.001 | 17.8 | 24.9 | <.001 | 10.5 | 8.2 | <.001 |
| Former | 37.7 | 45.4 | 58.2 | 51.9 | 15.2 | 33.0 | 10.9 | 20.0 | ||||
| Never | 33.6 | 26.6 | 24.2 | 37.9 | 67.1 | 42.1 | 78.6 | 71.7 | ||||
| Sports activity level | ||||||||||||
| No sports (0 h/ week) | 52.8 | 38.1 | <.001 | 68.8 | 43.2 | <.001 | 54.0 | 32.1 | <.001 | 75.5 | 39.3 | <.001 |
| Regular sport (<2 h/week) | 30.4 | 38.0 | 16.5 | 33.8 | 30.8 | 43.2 | 17.9 | 42.3 | ||||
| Regular sport (≥2 h/week) | 16.8 | 24.0 | 14.7 | 23.0 | 15.1 | 24.8 | 6.6 | 18.4 | ||||
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||||
| No alcohol (0 g/day) | 12.3 | 7.3 | <.001 | 11.0 | 7.1 | .125 | 26.4 | 16.8 | <.001 | 39.4 | 21.3 | <.001 |
| Moderate drinking (<20/10 g/day, men/women) | 56.8 | 72.7 | 64.9 | 67.9 | 58.8 | 66.4 | 52.8 | 68.8 | ||||
| Risky drinking(≥20/10 g/day, men/women) | 30.9 | 20.0 | 24.1 | 25.0 | 14.8 | 16.8 | 7.8 | 9.9 | ||||
| Chronic diseases | ||||||||||||
| Ischaemic heart disease | 10.3 | 9.3 | .590 | 29.4 | 27.9 | .648 | 5.7 | 3.2 | .022 | 19.7 | 14.2 | .031 |
| Chronic heart failure | 3.9 | 3.2 | .515 | 14.3 | 13.5 | .755 | 3.1 | 2.7 | .663 | 16.3 | 11.6 | .084 |
| Stroke | 1.7 | 2.5 | .357 | 7.3 | 7.6 | .882 | .7 | .5 | .534 | 6.1 | 5.6 | .714 |
| Hypertension | 33.9 | 47.6 | <.001 | 48.2 | 68.0 | <.001 | 33.6 | 41.4 | .001 | 55.5 | 68.7 | <.001 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 39.4 | 41.4 | .499 | 33.9 | 51.7 | <.001 | 34.9 | 37.4 | .379 | 43.1 | 57.5 | <.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 10.8 | 9.7 | .514 | 13.0 | 20.0 | .014 | 5.6 | 5.6 | .991 | 16.2 | 18.5 | .375 |
| Cancer (any type) | 3.4 | 4.4 | .334 | 9.9 | 15.4 | .015 | 7.5 | 10.4 | .049 | 7.3 | 14.3 | <.001 |
| Asthma | 4.8 | 5.1 | .796 | 7.1 | 4.4 | .046 | 6.3 | 7.3 | .428 | 3.8 | 8.8 | .004 |
| Osteoporosis | 2.5 | 2.5 | .998 | 1.9 | 3.4 | .209 | 10.3 | 5.7 | .003 | 20.6 | 22.7 | .457 |
| Number of chronic diseases | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 37.1 | 31.6 | .197 | 20.3 | 11.4 | <.001 | 35.1 | 31.1 | .282 | 16.4 | 9.8 | .018 |
| 1 | 31.6 | 32.7 | 33.2 | 25.3 | 34.1 | 38.4 | 25.2 | 23.1 | ||||
| 2 | 18.4 | 22.1 | 20.9 | 29.9 | 21.8 | 21.0 | 27.4 | 29.8 | ||||
| ≥3 | 12.9 | 13.6 | 25.6 | 33.4 | 9.0 | 9.6 | 30.9 | 37.3 | ||||
| Multimorbidity | ||||||||||||
| ≥ 2 chronic diseases | 31.3 | 35.7 | .105 | 46.6 | 63.3 | <.001 | 30.8 | 30.5 | .897 | 58.3 | 67.1 | .010 |
| Polypharmacy | ||||||||||||
| ≥5 prescribed medications | 8.2 | 10.7 | .158 | 26.3 | 34.1 | .010 | 12.4 | 12.6 | .900 | 30.2 | 37.0 | .038 |
All percentages and means were weighted and standardized to the population of 31.12.2010
p values refer to differences between GNHIES98 and DEGS1 (Second-order Rao-Scott chi-square tests for categorical variables and general linear models for continuous variables)
aIncludes 20 persons with BMI <18.5 kg/m2
Missing values: Household size (men 50–64 years n = 7, men 65–79 years n = 3; women 50–64 years n = 9, women 65–79 years n = 13), Educational status (9, 6; 7, 8), Body mass index (7, 8; 11, 26), Smoking status (2, 1; 3, 6), Physical activity level (11, 10; 12, 10), Alcohol consumption (23, 14; 16, 20), Ischaemic Heart Disease (11, 19; 22, 28), Chronic heart failure (21, 38; 29, 41), Stroke (6, 9; 10, 8), Hypertension (13, 7; 12, 5), Hyperlipidaemia (29, 28; 21, 24), Diabetes (8, 4; 13, 7), Cancer (6, 6; 11, 5), Asthma (7, 9; 14, 10), Osteoporosis (14, 11; 22, 24), Multimorbidity/No. of chronic conditions (67, 86; 74, 103 ), Polypharmacy (6, 3; 8, 3)